Lower Respiratory Flashcards
Spirometry
measures lung function with amount and speed of air inhaled/exhaled
Dull
- Intensity
- Pitch
- Duration
- Example
- Medium
- Medium
- Medium
- Liver
*Fluid or solid tissue replaces air-containing lung or occupies space
Incentive Spirometer
used in hospitals to gauge lung performance (often used after surgery)
Order to LR exam
- Inspect
- Palpate
- Percuss
- Auscultate
% Saturation =
red / red+ blue
Tympanitic
- Intensity
- Pitch
- Duration
- Example
- Loud
- High (musical timbre)
- Longer
- Gastric air bubble or puffed out cheek
Pectus Excavatum
Depression in lower portion of the sternum: can compress heart and great vessels, cause murmurs
*funnel chest
Atelactisis may cause..
diaphragmatic excursion
What should you consider as a cause of post surgical fever?
atelectasis
Pulse Oximetry: how does it work? what is it used for?
- Capillary pulse brings arterial blood to fingers
- HbO2 absorbs infrared>red light. Hb absorbs red>infrared light
- amount of light received by the detector indicates the amount of oxygen bound to the hemoglobin in the blood. - the instrument can calculate the SpO2
Resonant
- Intensity
- Pitch
- Duration
- Example
- Loud
- Low
- Long
- Healthy lung
Pulmonary Function Test
- non invasive way to show how well the lungs are working
- can be a diagnostic tool (obstructive vs. restrictive)
Barrel Chest
increased AP diameter (seen in COPD)
-some can come with aging, and can be normal in infancy
Hyperresonant
- Intensity
- Pitch
- Duration
- Example
- Very loud
- Lower
- Longer
- heard over hyperinflated lungs
Tracheal deviation may be involved in…
- Pnuemothorax (tension and non tension)
- Pleural effusion
- Atelactasis
- Mass
Traumatic flair chest
Multiple rib fractures may result in paradoxical movements of the thorax. On Inspiration the injured area caves inward, and on expiration it moves outward
Pectus carinatum
Sternum displaced anteriorly (↑AP diameter), adjacent costal cartilages are depressed
*pigeon chest
Clubbing may be caused by…
- Congenital heart disease
- Interstitial lung disease
- Bronchiectasis
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Cystic fibrosis
- Lung abscess
- Malignancy (Lung cancer) -IBD
**NOT COPD
CTAB
clear to auscultation bilaterally
Where do we insert a chest tube?
- 4th and 5th intercostal space (just anterior to the axillary line)
- 5th intercostal space (jus inferior to the nipple in a male, inframammary fold in a female)
Flat
- Intensity
- Pitch
- Duration
- Example
- Soft
- High
- Short
- Thigh
Chest x ray interpretation: A-I
- Adequate/assessment of quality/Airway
- Bones and soft tissues
- Cardiac size, valves
- Diaphragm
- Effusion/endotracheal tube/EKG leads
- Fields and fissures/Foreign body
- Great vessels/gastric bubble
- Hilar masses
- Impression
Why do chest tubes need to be placed on the superior margin of the rib?
to avoid the neuromuscular bundle
Causes of a bad waveform in pulse oximetry reading? misinformation?
- Improper placement, hypo perfusion, hypothermia, motion artifact
- WORSE than no information
