Lower Musculoskeletal Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Inspection
A
- Skin color, rashes, masses, swelling
- Gross deformity, alignment, symmetry
- Muscle hypertrophy or atrophy, fasciculations, spasms
2
Q
Spine (Inspection/Palpation)
A
- Check alignment and symmetry [forward bending] Palpate surface features: - SI joints - Spinal processes - Paravertebral muscles - Sacrum
3
Q
Spine (ROM of spine)
A
- Forward flexion
- Extension
- Lateral bend
- Rotation
4
Q
Spine (ROM of neck)
A
- Forward flexion
- Extension
- Lateral bend
- Rotation
5
Q
Spine (Tests)
A
- Elicit deep tendon reflexes at the knee and ankle
- Perform the straight leg raising test
6
Q
Hip (Palpation)
A
Palpate (patient supine or on side):
- Pubic tubercle
- Anterior superior iliac spines
- Greater trochanters
- Ischial tuberosity
7
Q
Hip (ROM)
A
(Patient supine) - Internal/External rotation - Flexion - Adduction/Abduction (Patient standing or lying on opposite side) - Extension
8
Q
Knee (Palpation)
A
Palpate:
- Patella
- Patella tendon
- Head of the fibula
- Medial & lateral joint lines
9
Q
Knee (ROM)
A
- Flexion/Extension
- Rotation (stabilize ankle and rotate foot medially and laterally)
10
Q
Knee (Tests)
A
- Drawer test (ACL, PCL)
- Lachman test (ACL)
- Valgus/Varus stress test (MCL, LCL)
- McMurry test (meniscus)
11
Q
Foot (Palpation)
A
Palpate surface features: - Plantar fascia (dorsiflex toes) - Medial and lateral malleoli Palpate surface location of major tendons: - Achilles - Posterior and anterior tibial - Peroneal (dorsiflex toes) - Toe extensors
12
Q
Foot (ROM)
A
Ankle and Hind Foot ROM:
- Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion
- Inversion/Eversion
