Lower Muscles

Question 1

Group 2

Move the leg at knee

Answer 1

Origin = pelvic bones or femur

Insertion = tibia or fibula

Question 2

Group 3

Move foot at ankle

Answer 2

Origin = femur, tibia, or fibula

Insertion = tarsals or metatarsals

Question 3

Group 4

Move digits

Answer 3

Origin = tibia or fibula

Insertion = phalanges

Question 4

Group 1

Gluteal compartment

Answer 4

1) gluteus Maximus- SUPERFICIAL extends thigh and abducts thigh
2) tensor fasciae latae- SUPERFICIAL tenses fasciae latae surrounding the thigh muscle. Fasciae attaches to tibia to iliotibial tract which stabilizes the knee. Flexion/ extension of knee.

3) gluteus medius & minimis- abduct and medially rotate thigh
4) piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, and inferior gemellus- laterally rotate thigh. Steady head of femur in hip joint.

Question 5

Group 1 & 2

Thigh muscle compartments

Answer 5

Posterior compartment- extend thigh or flex leg

Medial compartment- adductors

Anterior compartment- flex thigh or extend leg

Question 6

Group 1

Anterior compartment of thigh

Answer 6

Psoas major and iliacus form together iliopsoas muscle

Action = flexes thigh

*** psoas major is also a POSTURAL MUSCLE when lower limb is fixed (not moving)

Question 7

Group 2

Anterior thigh compartment

QUADS

Answer 7

Sartorius- SUPERFICIAL; flexes, abducts, and laterally rotate thigh

RECTUS FEMORIS GROUP:

1) rectus femoris- origin= coxal bone; extends leg and flexes thigh
2) vastus lateralis- extends leg
3) vastus medialis- extends leg
4) quadriceps femoris tendon
5) vastus intermedius- extends leg (under rectus femoris)

Question 8

Group 1

Medial thigh compartment

QUADS

Answer 8

1) pectineus- deep muscle
2) adductor longus/ brevis- adduct thigh
3) gracilis- adduct thigh. Origin = coxal bone
Insertion = tibia
4) adductor magnus- adduct thigh and flex/extend thigh. Insertion = linea aspera & medial epicondyle
(Under adductor longus)
5) adductor hiatus- through which femoral artery and vein travel on their way to leg.

Question 9

Group 1 & 2

Posterior thigh compartment

HAMSTRINGS

Answer 9

1) semitendinosus
2) semimembranosus
3) biceps femoris long head
4) biceps femoris short head (under long head)

Actions = extend thigh and flex leg

Origin = ischial tuberosity

Question 10

Group 3 & 4

Leg muscle compartments

Answer 10

Anterior compartment- dorsiflexors & toe extensors

Lateral compartment- foot evertors

Deep posterior compartment- toe flexors

Superficial posterior compartment- plantarflexors

Question 11

Group 3 & 4

Anterior leg compartment

Answer 11

1) tibialis anterior- invert foot
Insertion = medial part of foot
2) extensor digitorium longus- tendon runs to each digit 2-5. Extends digits
3) extensor hallucis longus- extends big toe hallux

** Action all together = dorsiflex foot **

Question 12

Group 3

Lateral leg compartment

Answer 12

1) fibularis longus & brevis

Both evert foot

Brevis under longus

Question 13

Group 3

Superficial posterior compartment

CALF

Answer 13

1) gastrocnemius- 2 heads
2) plantaris= proprioceptor, senses spatial position of foot
3) plantaris tendon- under gastrocnemius down to plantar of foot
4) soleus- under gastrocnemius
5) calcaneal/ Achilles’ tendon

** all together plantarflex foot **

Question 14

Group 3 & 4

Deep posterior leg compartment

Answer 14

1) tibialis posterior- inverts foot
2) flexor digitorium longus- medial. Flex digits 2-5
3) flexor hallucis longus- lateral. Flex hallux.

Question 15

Group 2

Deep posterior leg

Answer 15

1) popliteus- back of knee. Unlocks fully extended knee

Question 16

Group 1

Move the thigh at hip

Answer 16

Origin = pelvic bones

Insertion = femur

Example = gluteal or thigh