Appendicular Muscles

Question 1

Group 1

Move pectoral girdle

Answer 1

Origin = axial skeleton

Insertion = clavicle or scapula

Question 2

Group 1 muscles

Answer 2

Posterior side:

1) trapezius- elevates scapula & clavicle. Retracts scapula
2) levator scapulae- elevate scapula
3) rhomboid minor/ major- retracts scapula

Anterior side:

1) pectoralis major- depress and protract scapula
2) serratus anterior- protracts scapula

Question 3

Group 2

Move arm at shoulder

Answer 3

Origin = clavicle & scapula

Insertion = humerus

Question 4

Group 2 muscles

Answer 4

Posterior side:

1) latissimus dorsi- extends and adducts arm
2) teres major- medially rotate arm
3) supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major- later rotate

Anterior side:

1) deltoid- abducts humerus
2) pectoralis major- adducts and medically rotate arm
3) rotator cuff muscles- hold humerus head in glenoid fossa.
4) subscapularis- medial rotate
5) coracobrachialis- adduct and flex arm

Question 5

Arm muscle compartments

Group 2&3

Answer 5

Anterior compartment- flexors

Posterior compartment- extensors

Question 6

Biceps brachii

Group 2&3

Answer 6

Short head > attach to coracoid process of scapula

Long head > inside bicipital groove to scapula
Helps hold humerus head in glenoid fossa

Action = flexes arm and forearm

Question 7

Group 3

Move forearm at elbow

Answer 7

Origin = scapula or humerus

Insertion = ulna

Question 8

Group 3 muscle

Answer 8

1) brachialis- flexes forearm
2) triceps brachii- extend forearm
Long head > attaches to scapula. Adduct arm

Question 9

Forearm muscle compartment

Group 4&5

Answer 9

Deep anterior compartment = flexors

Posterior compartment = extensors

Superficial anterior compartment = flexors

Question 10

Group 4

Move hand at wrist

Answer 10

Origin = humerus, radius, ulna

Insertion = carpals or metacarpals

Question 11

Group 5

Move the digits

Answer 11

Origin = radius or ulna

Insertion = phalanges

Question 12

Superficial anterior compartment

FLEXORS

Origin = medial epicondyle humerus

Answer 12

1) pronator teres- pronator forearm
2) palmaris longus- flex wrist
3) flexor carpus radialis- flex and abduct hand at wrist
4) flexor carpi ulnaris- flex and adduct hand at wrist
5) flexor digitorium superficialis- flex phalanges

Question 13

Origin =

Insertion =

Answer 13

Origin = proximal
Insertion = distal

Muscles pull only from insertion to origin

Question 14

Deep anterior compartment of forearm

Flexors

Answer 14

1) flexor digitorium profundus- flexes phalanges of digits (2-5)
2) flexor pollicis longus- flexes pollex

Question 15

Forearm:

Posterior compartment

EXTENSORS

Answer 15

1) extensor carpi radialis longus- has long tendon. Extends and abducts hand at wrist
2) extensor carpi radialis brevis- has short tendon. Extends and abducts hand at wrist.
3) extensor carpi ulnaris- extends and adducts hand at wrist
4) brachioradialis- flexes forearm. Origin = humerus Insertion = radius
5) extensor digitorium- extends phalanges 2-5
6) extensor digiti minimi- extends pinky

Question 16

Group 5

Posterior deep

Answer 16

1) supinator- supinates forearm
2) abductor pollicis longus- abducts pollex
3) extensor pollicis longus/brevis- extends pollex
4) extensor indicus- extends index finger. Digit 2
5) flexor retinaculum- dense fibrous tissue holds in place. Flex wrist
6) Flexor tendon sheaths- Reduce friction.
7) extensor retinaculum- tendon sheaths. Extends wrist

Question 17

Carpal tunnel

Answer 17

Medial nerve inflammation

Question 18

Anatomical snuffbox

Answer 18

Extensor pollicis longus/brevis tendon