Lower limbs Flashcards
1
Q
Name the bones of the foot?
A
From top to bottom:
- Phalanges (distal, middle, proximal).
- Metatarsals.
- Tarsals.
- Talus.
- Calcaneus.
2
Q
Name+describe the 2 ankle joints?
A
- Talocrural joint = between fibula and tibia and talus, dorsiflexion + plantarflexion.
- Talocalcaneal joint = between talus and calcaneus, inversion + eversion.
3
Q
Name and describe key muscles of dorsiflexion?
A
-Tibialis anterior = attach anteriolateral shaft of tibia and base of 1st metatarsal.
-Extensor digitorum longus = attach lateral epi of tibia, fibula shaft and interosseous membrane.
Assisted:
-Extensor hallucis longus = attach shaft of fibula and distal phalanyx of big toe.
4
Q
Name and describe the plantarflexor muscles?
A
- Gastrocnemius = attach above condyles of femur to achilles tendon.
- Soleus = attach shaft of tibia (back), head+shaft of fibula, achilles tendon.
- Plantaris = attach above condyle of femur, medial calcaneus.
- Flexor digitorum longus = attach posterior tibia and base distal phalanges.
- Flexor hallucis longus = attacch fibula (back) and base of D phalange big toe.
- Tibialis posterior = attach shaft of tibia+fibula and medial cuniform.
5
Q
Name+describe the muscles for inversion?
A
- Tibialis anterior = attach anterio-lateral shaft of tibia, medial cuniform and base of 1st metatarsal.
- Tibialis posterior = attach shaft of tibia+fibula and medial cuniform.
6
Q
Name+describe the muscles for eversion?
A
- Peroneus longus = attach lateral shaft of fibula with 1st metatarsal+medial cuniform.
- Peroneus brevis = attach lower lateral fibula and fifth metatarsal.
7
Q
Name the nerves supplying the ankle + foot?
A
- Fibular nerve
- Tibial nerve
- Sural nerve
8
Q
Describe the difference between and open and closed chain movement?
A
- Open = when the leg or arm is able to move, e.g. when kicking a football.
- Closed = when the legs remain in contact with the surface, e.g. standing to sitting.
