Hip

Question 1

What bones make the hip?

Answer 1

• Innominate bone = ilium, ischium, pubis.

- Femur = large bone in thigh.

Question 2

Describe the femur?

Answer 2

• Head of femur.
• Fovea = depression in head of femur.
• Neck of femur = joins head with shaft.
• Greater trochanter = extends superiorly from shaft.
• Lesser trochanter = extends posterior from shaft.
• Intertrochanteric line = marks junction between neck and shaft

Question 3

What is the acetabulum?

Answer 3

• Socket formed by ilium, ischium, and pubis.

- Surfaces = lunate surface of the acetabulum that surrounds the acetabular fossa.

Question 4

Describe the hip joint?

Answer 4

• Synovial ball and socket joint.
• Flexion, extension, adduction, medial rotation.
• Acetabulum of pelvis with head of femur.

Question 5

Describe the joint capsule?

Answer 5

• Attached to acetabulum, and TA ligament. + neck and head of femur.
• Lined with synovial membrane.

Question 6

Name and describe the ligaments of the hip joint?

Answer 6

• Transverse acetabular = within capsule.
• Ligament of femoral head = within capsule.
• Iliofemoral ligament = Y shaped from iliac spine to line of femur.
• Pubofemoral = from pubis to line of femur.
• Ischiofemoral = ischium blends with capsule.

Question 7

How is stability at the hip joint promoted?

Answer 7

• Shape of bones
• Ball and socket joint
• Acetabular labrum
• Shape of hyaline cartilage
• Orbicular fibres = increase suction effect of socket.
• Ligaments are taught in extension.

Question 8

Name the main hip muscles?

Answer 8

• Abductors = gluteus medius + minimus.
• Adductors = adductor group.
• Flexors = Iliacus + psoas. Assisted by sartorius, rectus femoris + tensor fascia lata.
• Extensors = Gluteus maximus.
• Lateral rotators = piriformis, pbturator internus, gemellus, quadratus femoris, obturator externus.
• Medial rotators = gluteus medius+minimus, tensor fascia lata, adductor group.