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Anatomy > Lower Limb: Tibiofibular & Ankle Joints > Flashcards

Lower Limb: Tibiofibular & Ankle Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main role of the tibia & fibula?

A 
Tibia = weight bearing
Fibula = muscle attachment
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2
Q

What are the features of the TIBIA proximally, along the shaft & distally?

A

Proximally

  • condyles + plateau with intervening intercondylar eminence
  • tibial tuberosity anteriorly

Shaft

  • anterior border = shin bone, palpable
  • posterior shaft = soleal line - attachment of soleus muscle
  • distal shaft 1/3 thinner than rest

Distally
- medial malleolus

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3
Q

Which of the tibia & fibula are medial & lateral?

A

Tibia - medial

Fibula - lateral

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4
Q

What are the features of the FIBULA ?

A 
head - tapers down to a long shaft & hamstrings attach
distally - lateral malleolus 
9 muscles attach 
highly vascularised
used in bone grafting
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5
Q

Which malleolus extends more distally?

A

Lateral malleolus (of fibula) extends more distally than the medial malleolus (of tibia)

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6
Q

What links the tibia & fibula only the shaft?

A

interosseous membrane
strong link
has foramen for passage of anterior tibial artery

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7
Q

Is it possible to break one of the tibia or fibula and not the other?

A

Due to joints between the 2 bones forming a ‘ring structure’ and the strong interoessous membrane, a fracture of one COMMONLY leads to fracture of other

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8
Q

What are the tibiofibular joints?

A

Superior & inferior joints
Superior = plane synovial
Inferior = fibrous joint

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9
Q

What movements occur at/what are the roles of the tibiofibular joints?

A 
Superior = some gliding movement 
Inferior = strong stable joint - will break bone before it is injured (syndesmosis)
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10
Q

What important structure does the inferior tibiofibular joint form?

A

The malleolar mortise = socket critical for ankle joint function

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11
Q

What pathology occurs at the tibial tuberosity?

A

Where the patella tendon attaches and is a traction epiphysis
Ossifies late & inflammation can occur = Osgood Schlatter’s disease

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12
Q

What is the difference between the tarsal bones of the hand & foot?

A

The tarsals of the foot are larger, stronger and more stable - purpose of standing & walking

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13
Q

What are the tarsal bones within each 3 ‘groups’ (proximal, intermediate & distal)?
Name them medially to laterally

A

Proximal - Talus & calcaneus
Intermediate - navicular
Distal - Medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiforms

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14
Q

Which tarsal bones is important in weight bearing & distribution?

A

Talus - takes body weight & distributes it to heel & forefoot

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15
Q

Which tarsal bone is considered the heel bone?

A

Calcaneus

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16
Q

How are the metatarsals of the foot named?

A 
Medial to lateral - different to upper limb
Big toe (hallux) is medial
17
Q

which metatarsal has a common stress fracture site?

A

2nd metatarsal = March fracture
longest & thinnest metatarsal that is wedged between 1st & 3rd
Prone to stress fractures

18
Q

How many phalanges in the foot?

A

14
2 in hallux
3 in each digit

19
Q

What are the joints involving the talus bone & how are they arranged?

A

Above bone = ankle joint = talocrural joint
below bone = subtalar joint = talocalcaneal joint
in front of bone = midtarsal joint = talocalcaneonavicular & calcaneocuboid

20
Q

Describe the ankle joint

A

body of talus articulating with the tibia & fibular
Body sits in the mortise malleolus created by the inferior tibiofibular joint
synovial hinge joint

21
Q

What movements are permitted at the ankle joint & what is significant about the axis of movement?

A

Dorsiflexion (extension)
plantar flexion
Oblique axis of movement (not horizontal) due to the lateral malleolus extending further distally

22
Q

Which ankle joint movement is more stable & which more prone to injury?

A

Dorsiflexion is more stable as the body of the talus is wedged into the malleolus mortise
It is less stable and more prone to injury in plantar flexion

23
Q

What is significant about the subtalar & talocalcaneonavicular joint (TCN)?

A

They are functionally paired - movement at the subtalar means movement at TCN

24
Q

What types of joints are the subtalar & talocalcaneonavicular joint (TCN)?

A

Modified ball & socket joints

25
Q

What movements are permitted by the TCN & subtalar joints?

A

Inversion & eversion

oblique axis of movement

26
Q

When are inversion & eversion movements important?

A

Running

Land on slightly everted foot, transfer weight to forefoot and then become relatively inverted

27
Q

What ligament is associated with the Subtalar joint & TCN joint?

A 
spring ligament (plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
maintains the position of the head of talus
28
Q

What is the sinus tarsi & what is its significance?

A

gap between the subtalar & TCN joint
contains the vascular supply (vascular sling) & thick strong ligament that firmly binds the calcaneus & talus (interosseous talocalcaneal)

29
Q

What is the calcaneocuboid joint?

A

Plane synovial joint between the calcaneus & cuboid bones

30
Q

What movements does the calcaneocuboid joint permit?

A

Rotation gliding movements

31
Q

What is pronation & supination of the foot?

A

pronation = eversion + lateral rotation
Supination = inversion + medial rotation
PEL SIM

32
Q

What permits pronation & supination of the foot?

A

Subtalar + TCN (eversion/inversion) and Calcaneocuboid (medial/lateral rotation)

33
Q

What movements are the relative movement between the hind and forefoot?

A

Supination & pronation

34
Q

What is another name for the tarsometatarsal joints?

A

Lisfranc joints

Can be fractured

35
Q

What kind of joints are the metatarsophalangeal and what movements do they permit?

A

Condylar joints

Ab/Ad + F/E

36
Q

What type of joint & what movements do the interphalangeal joints permit?

A

Hinge

F/E

37
Q

What are the arches of the foot and what are their purpose?

A

2 longitudinal (medial + lateral)
1 transverse
Provide a stable base for standing
Absorb & distribute downwards forces when standing & moving

38
Q

What structures are required for support of the arches of the foot?

A

Ligamentous support during static activity
Muscular support during dynamic activity
Plantar aponeurosis maintains the longitudinal arches (runs between calcaneus & metatarsal heads

Anatomy (13 decks)

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