Lower Limb: Hip Joint Flashcards
components of acetabulum of hip joint
made up of ischium, ilium & pubic bones
contains a labrum - deepens sockets, often torn in injury
anterior part = lunate surface = articular surface + thickest cartilage
acetabular fossa covered by fat pad
features of HoF
2/3 sphere shaped directed upwards, medially & forwards antiverted - 8-12 degrees anterior part outside of socket fovea = central non-articulating area = ligament attachment
anatomical & surgical NoF
anatomical = just below HoF = line of growth plate & capsule attachment
surgical = just below G+L trochanters
attachment & function of HJ capsule
attaches at base of NoF
posteriorly doesn’t extend as far distal - limits extension
Where do reticular fibres arise & function?
reflections of fibrous capsule towards the HoF
retain tendons & reticular vessels
reinforce capsule
Significance of damaged reticular vessels?
supply HoF
damage can lead to disruption of growth plate or necrosis of growth plate during development
Muscles that extend the HJ?
gluteus maximus - powerful extensor + stability of joint
hamstrings
Muscles that flex the HJ?
iliopsoas
Muscles that medially rotate HJ?
Gluteus medius + minimus
hamstrings
Muscles that laterally rotation HJ?
Glut max Iliopsoas piriformis obtrurator internus quadratus femoris
Muscles that abduct HJ?
glut med + min
Glut max
Piriformis
Obtrurator internus
Presentation of glut med + mini injury
Trendellenberg gait
What muscle pathology results in Trendellenberg gait?
Injury of glut med + min
What muscle group bony attachment is a common source of bone pain (osteitis pubis)?
Adductor muscles
What pathology can occur at the common bony attachment for the adductor muscles?
osteitis pubis (bone pain)
three supportive ligaments of the HJ?
iliofemoral
ischiofemoral
pubofemoral
anterior supportive ligaments of HJ & function?
iliofemoral = strong = prevents hyperextension (spirals & tightens) pubofemoral = weaker
Posterior supportive ligament/s of HJ?
Ischiofemoral = weaker
(posterior bc sit on your ischial tuberosities)
Why is there a greater range of flexion than extension at HJ?
Extension limited due to posterior capsule not extending as far distally as it does anteriorly + strong anterior ligament (iliofemoral) spirals & tightens
when does medial rotation of HJ occur?
During extension (3 extra capsular ligaments tighten and bring HoF close to acetabulum = screw home mechanism) + stance phase
when does lateral rotation of HJ occur?
during flexion + swing phase
what is hilton’s law?
The sensory nervous supply to a joint comes from the branches that supply the muscles that move it
What nerves do the articular branches of the HJ arise?
Obturator nerve + femoral nerve
What is the main blood supply to the HJ?
Reticular vessels (from the medial circumflex arteries) Anastomoses from the medial & lateral circumflex arteries that arise from the profunda femoris artery
