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1036 > Lower limb practical > Flashcards

Lower limb practical Flashcards

1
Q

Palpate and describe the lateral malleolus

A

Find fibula and move distally
Bony projection on most distal end of the fibula
On outside of ankle

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2
Q

Palpate and describe the medial malleolus

A

Find femoral epicondyles and move distally
Bony projection on most distal side of tibia
On the inside of the ankle

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3
Q

Palpate and describe the head of the talus

A

Find malleoli, move medially and its on the end of the talus bone
Straighten knee, plantarflex ankle and invert
Forms the hindfoot

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4
Q

Palpate and describe the neck of the talus

A

Find malleoli, move medially and its on the end of the talus bone
Straighten knee, plantarflex ankle and invert
Forms the hindfoot

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5
Q

Palpate and describe the calcaneus

A

Directly inferior to the Achilles tendon
Forms the hindfoot

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6
Q

Palpate and describe the navicular

A

Medial malleolus, 2 and 1/2 cm distally but more anteriorly (navicular tuberosity), move medially
Curved bone between the talus and cuneiforms
Form the midfoot

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7
Q

Palpate and describe the cuboid

A

Find base of 5th metatarsal and move proximally and slightly medially
Tarsal bone
Sits on outside of foot near 5th phalanx
Form the midfoot

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8
Q

Palpate and describe the styloid process

A

Follow down length of 5th metatarsal
Bony prominence

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9
Q

Palpate and describe the cuneiforms

A

Medial - find navicular process and move distally
Move laterally from medial to find intermediate and lateral
Tarsal bones
Form the midfoot

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10
Q

Palpate and describe the metatarsals

A

5th - palpate across 5th to base (proximally)
Move medially to find next 4 metatarsals Form the forefoot

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11
Q

Palpate and describe the phalanges

A

Follow along the length of each toe
Form the forefoot
Distal are tips of the toes, middle are between distal and proximal, proximal join to metatarsals
Great toe only had distal and proximal

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12
Q

Palpate and describe the adductor tubercle of the femur

A

Work down medial aspect of the femur
Small rounded prominence of medial condyle of the femur
Attachment point for adductor magnus

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13
Q

Palpate and describe the tibial tuberosity

A

Move medially and distally from tibial condyles
Move distally from base of the apex
Attachment point for ligamentum patellae

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14
Q

Palpate and describe the head of fibula

A

Find tibial condyles
Move laterally and distally

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15
Q

Palpate and describe the iliac crest

A

Hands on hips
On posterior aspect of ilium
Attachment site for obliques, erector spinae muscles and quadratus lumborum

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16
Q

Palpate and describe the anterior superior iliac spine

A

Patient lay on back
Find iliac crest
Follow round anteriorly
Attachment site for sartorius, TFL, and inguinal ligament

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17
Q

Palpate and describe the posterior superior iliac spine

A

Patient lays on front
Find iliac crest
Follow round medially

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18
Q

Palpate and describe the ischial tuberosity

A

Find gluteal fold
Below the ischial spine
Sacrospinous ligament joins ischial spine to sacrum

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19
Q

Palpate and describe the pubic tubercle/crest

A

Model should palpate themselves
Bend both knees
Palm of hand on belly button
Ring and index finger sit on crest/tubercles

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20
Q

Can you describe and surface mark the talocrural joint

A

Find malleoli, find talus, joint line between talus and malleolus
Between trochlea surface of talus body and malleoli
Tenon and mortise: malleoli is the mortise/concave, talus forms tenon/convex
Allows dorsi and plantarflexion

21
Q

Can you describe and surface mark the subtalar joint

A

Medial malleolus, down to ridge on calcaneus, follow joint line
Between inferior surface of talus (concave) and superior surface of calcaneus (convex)
Allows inversion and eversion, and pronation and supination
Synovial multiaxial joint allowing gliding and rotation

22
Q

Can you describe and surface mark the tibiofemoral joint

A

Between the femoral condyles (concave) and tibial plateau (convex)
Bend knee up, find eyes of the knee, follow medially and laterally round, between femur and tibia
Synovial hinge joint
Flexion, extension and rotation

23
Q

Can you describe and surface mark the sacroiliac joint

A

Find iliac crest, find PSIS, move slightly superiorly and medially, joint line is upwards and outwards
Synovial plane joint
Between lateral aspect of sacrum and medial aspect of the ilium
Supports weightbearing

24
Q

Can you describe and surface mark the pubis symphysis

A

Base of palm on belly button, middle finger is on symphysis
Secondary cartilaginous joint
Anterior aspect of pelvis, close to the midline

25
Q

Can you describe and surface mark the femoroacetabular joint

A

Ball and socket joint between acetabulum (concave) and head of femur (convex)
Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction, rotation

26
Q

Can you describe and surface mark the patellofemoral joint

A

Between the base of the patella (convex) and the anterior aspect of the femur (concave)
Synovial joint
Extension, flexion, rotation

27
Q

Can you describe and surface mark the superior tibiofibular joint

A

Between the lateral tibial condyles (convex) and head of fibula (concave)
Plane synovial joint
No active movement, small range of gliding at ankle joint

28
Q

Describe, palpate and test the erector spinae

A

Deep muscles of the back
Find iliac crest
Find L4/5
Move superior
Move laterally
Patient can lift head or leg

29
Q

Describe, palpate and test the rectus abdominus

A

Find iliac crest
Move medially
Patient can bend legs/crunch

30
Q

Describe, palpate and test the external abdominal oblique

A

Patient bends knees
Crunch upwards and twist
Contralateral side is external

31
Q

Describe, palpate and test the internal abdominal oblique

A

Patient bends knees
Crunch upwards and twist
Ipsilateral side is internal

32
Q

Describe, palpate and test the iliopsoas

A

Iliacus:
Hook fingers around top of iliac crest
Model takes deep breath in, get fingers deeper
Lift knees towards chest
Psoas major is too deep to palpate

33
Q

Describe, palpate and test the gluteus maximus

A

Bend knee, patient pushes leg into hand

34
Q

Describe, palpate and test the gluteus medius

A

Patient on side
Palm of hand laterally near iliac crest, other hand toward bottom of the leg
Patient extends hip

35
Q

Describe, palpate and test the piriformis

A

Patient face down
Bend leg up
Hand placed on medial side of leg
Patient resists pressure
Place hand near glutes

36
Q

Describe, palpate and test the tensor fascia lata

A

Patient lay on side
Palm of hand more anterior to iliac crest
Other hand toward the bottom of the leg
Patient extends hip

37
Q

Describe, palpate and test the adductor magnus

A

Hand on inside of upper leg
Patient lay on side
Top leg in front of lower leg
Patient lifts lower leg

38
Q

Describe, palpate and test the gracilis

A

Hand on inside of lower leg
Patient lay on side
Top leg in front of lower leg
Lower leg bent
Patient lifts lower leg

39
Q

Describe, palpate and test the quads

A

Patient lying down
Place hand under quads
Push against hand downwards
Sat up right
Patient resists outwardly
RF - superior
VL - lateral
VM - medial
VI - inferior to RF

40
Q

Describe, palpate and test the popliteus

A

From lateral part of femur to medial part of femur at back of knee
Place hand on inside of the foot and resist pressure

41
Q

Describe, palpate and test the tibialis anterior

A

Resists dorsiflexion of the foot
Most anterior medial portion of the shin

42
Q

Describe, palpate and test the extensor digitorum longus

A

Resists bringing toes toward the shin

43
Q

Describe, palpate and test the extensor hallucis longus

A

Resist bringing toes toward the shin

44
Q

Describe, palpate and test the peroneus longus

A

Patient on side
Resist movement
Palpate along lateral aspect

45
Q

Describe, palpate and test the gastrocnemius

A

Resist plantarflexion
Straight leg, raise up onto toes

46
Q

Describe, palpate and test the soleus

A

Bend knee, resist plantarflexion
Bent leg, raise up onto toes

47
Q

Describe, palpate and test the tibialis posterior

A

Resist plantarflexion

48
Q

Describe, palpate and test the flexor digitorum longus

A

Flex toes
Move posterior up calf

49
Q

Describe, palpate and test the flexor hallucis longus

A

Plantarflexion

1036 (12 decks)

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