Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical anatomy > Lower Limb II > Flashcards

Lower Limb II Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscle attaches to the adductor tubercle?

A
  • adductor magnus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the adductor hiatus and which structures pass through it?

A
  • femoral artery
  • femoral vein
  • saphenous nerve
  • gap between adductor magnus and femur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Label this image

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Label this with

  • Medial and Lateral Condyle
  • Intercondylar eminence
  • Medial and lateral Intercondylar Tubercle
  • Articular facet for the head of the fibula
  • Tibial tuberosity
  • Soleal line
  • Interosseous border
  • Medial malleolus
  • Fibular notch
  • Groove for tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus tendons

Fibula :

  • Apex, Head and Neck
  • Interosseous border
  • Lateral malleolus
  • Malleolar fossa of lateral malleolus
  • Articular facet of lateral malleolus
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which structures attach to the Intercondylar eminence?

A
  • The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and the menisci attach to the intercondylar area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do the patellar tendons insert?

A
  • tibial tuberosity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What attaches on the soleal line?

A
  • soleus muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What attaches to the linea aspera?

A
  • adductor magnus
  • vastus lateralis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Label this image

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the tibia most commonly fractured?

A
  • narrowest point
  • inferior 2/3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In which direction does the patella most commonly dislocate?

What factors help prevent dislocation?

A
  • outwardly
  • anterior projection on the lateral femoral condyle, lateral to the patellar groove preventing lateral dislocation of the patella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A
  • synovial hinge joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What movements occur at the knee joint?

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • lateral rotation
  • medial rotation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What muscles flex the knee?

A
  • hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which muscles extend the knee?

A
  • quadriceps femoris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which muscle laterally rotates the knee?

A
  • biceps femoris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which muscles medially rotate the knee?

A
  • semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does the iliotibial tract continue from?

A
  • thickening of the fasciae latae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What actions does the iliotibial tract produce?

A
  • helps to extend, abduct, and rotate your hip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the importance of the iliotibial tract in the knee joint?

A
  • provides lateral stabilisation to the knee joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why is the patellar tendon also called the patellar ligament?

A
  • The patellar tendon is also called the patellar ligament because it connects the patella to the tibia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein run and where does it drain?

A
  • from the medial part of the dorsal venous arch of the foot all the way up to drain into the femoral vein at the saphenous opening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the short saphenous vein drain and where does it drain into?

A
  • Drains the lateral side of the foot and it drains into the popliteal vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the crural fascia?

A
  • continuation of the fasciae latae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the crural fascia pierced by?

A
  • the short saphenous vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Label this image

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the compartments of the leg?

A
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • lateral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What types of muscles are contained in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • dorsiflexors of the ankle/extensors of the toes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What types of muscles are contained in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • posterior flexors
  • flexors of the toes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the action of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A
  • evertors of the foot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Label this image

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • peroneus tertis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What nerve are the muscles in the anterior compartment supplied by?

A
  • deep peroneal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What 2 compartments does the peroneus tertius span?

A
  • partly in the lateral
  • partly in the anterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Label this image

A

1) gastrocnemius
2) soleus
3) tendo calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What 2 muscles converge onto the achilles tendon?

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the gastrocnemius and the soleus referred to as collectively?

A
  • triceps surae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the nerve supply to the deep layer of the posterior compartment?

A
  • tibial nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Label this image

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Where do the deep tendons of the deep layer of the posterior compartment pass?

A
  • under the medial malleolus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Where do the tendons of the lateral compartment pass?

A
  • under the lateral malleolus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the nerve supply to the lateral compartment?

A
  • superficial peroneal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the muscle that is not supplied by the superficial peroneal nerve in the lateral compartment?

A
  • peroneus tertius
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Label this image

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Name all the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg

A
  • superficial : gastrocnemius + soleus
  • deep : plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What does the common peroneal nerve divide into?

A
  • deep and superficial branches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are the superior and inferior boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A
  • superior : hamstrings
  • inferior : gastrocnemius
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What 4 structures does the popliteal fossa contain?

A
  • the tibial nerve
  • common peroneal
  • popliteal artery
  • popliteal vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What does the sciatic nerve bifurcate into at the popliteal fossa?

A
  • tibial nerve and common peroneal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Where does the common peroneal nerve wind around?

A
  • head of the fibula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What does the adductor hiatus contain?

A
  • popliteal vein and artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Label this image

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Where do the tibial nerve and popliteal artery go?

A
  • pass down through the popliteal fossa, they pierce an opening in the soleus muscle
  • continue between the superficial and deep layers of the muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery divide into?

A
  • lateral peroneal branch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What are the 5 structures that pass from the posterior compartment into the plantar region of the foot?

A
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Artery
  • Nerve
  • Flexor hallucis longus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Label this image

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What nerve supplies the lateral compartment?

A
  • superficial peroneal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment?

A
  • deep peroneal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Which nerve when damaged leads to foot drop?

A
  • deep peroneal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Where do the anterior peroneal artery and vein run?

A
  • on the interosseous membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

When does the anterior tibial artery change its name and what name is this?

A
  • when anterior tibial artery passes onto the dorsum of the foot it is called the dorsalis pedis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Label this image

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What is a bursa?

A
  • sac of synovial fluid associated with a joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What are the function of bursae?

A
  • prevent friction when soft tissue (e.g tendon) rubs against bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

How many bursae are associated with the knee?

A
  • 12
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Label this image

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Label this image

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Where does the lateral collateral ligament of the knee pass?

A
  • between the distal femur and the head of the fibula and on the medial side the medial collateral ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What acts as a shock absorber for the tibial condyles?

A
  • medial and lateral meniscus which act as a shock absorber
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What is the medial collateral ligament attached to?

A
  • medial meniscus
71
Q

What is the function of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments?

A
  • prevent the joint from opening out at either side
72
Q

What is the function of the cruciate ligament?

A
  • prevent the femur sliding backwards and forwards on the tibia
73
Q

Where does the tendon of the popliteus pass?

A
  • between the lateral collateral ligament and the lateral condyle of the femur
74
Q

What does the meniscofemoral ligament do?

A
  • anchors the lateral meniscus
75
Q

What movement of the tibia does the anterior cruciate ligament resist?

A
  • prevents the tibia moving forward
76
Q

How do you test for a torn ACL?

A
  • flex the knee and try to draw the tibia forward
77
Q

Which movement of the tibia does the posterior cruciate ligament resist?

A
  • resist excessive posterior translation of the tibia
78
Q

What is the role of the menisci in the knee joint?

A
  • reduce friction during movement
79
Q

Why are tears of the medial meniscus more common than tears of the lateral meniscus?

A
  • medial meniscus is more commonly injured because it is firmly attached to the medial collateral ligament and joint capsule
80
Q

Which ligaments act to limit extension of the knee?

81
Q

Which ligament acts to prevent excessive abduction and adduction of the knee?

82
Q

Where does the popliteus tendon pass ?

A
  • under the lateral collateral ligament
83
Q

How can the knee joint remain in extension without using the muscles?

A
  • The femur medially rotates as the joint settles into full extension, this tightens the ligaments so the joint can remain in extension without using the muscles
84
Q

How does locking the knee work?

A
  • mechanical process brought about by the differences in the shape of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur
85
Q

How does unlocking the knee occur?

A
  • popliteus muscle unlocks the knee and rotates it laterally to flex the knee
86
Q

What is the third arrow pointing to?

A
  • popliteus muscle
87
Q

What is the difference between “housemaids’ knee” and “Clergyman’s knee”?

A
  • housemaid = prepatellar bursitis
  • clergyman = infrapatellar bursitis
88
Q

Label the bursae

89
Q

with the knee flexed and relaxed, it is possible to test knee reflex or ‘jerk’ test. Which ligament is struck and what nerve segments does it test?

A
  • patellar ligament
  • L2, L3, and L4
90
Q

What is haemarthrosis?

A
  • bleeding into a joint cavity
91
Q

What kind of a joint is between the tibia and the fibula?

A
  • fibrous joint
92
Q

What is found at the ends of the tibia and fibula interosseous membrane?

A
  • tibiofibular ligaments
93
Q

What kind of a joint is the ankle joint?

A
  • synovial hinge joint
94
Q

What is the ankle joint formed from and what kind of a joint does it make?

A
  • formed between the medial and lateral malleoli and the trochlea of the talus which forms a mortise joint
95
Q

What aer the medial and lateral ligaments that reinforce the ankle joint?

A
  • medial : deltoid ligament
  • lateral : anterior and posterior
96
Q

What is the medial ankle ligament made up of?

A
  • anterior and posterior tibiotalar, tibionavicular and tibiocalcaneal
97
Q

What is the lateral ankle ligament made of?

A
  • anterior and posterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments
98
Q

Label this image

99
Q

What is the main complication in fractures in the neck of the Talus?

A
  • limp, arthritis, and chronic pain
100
Q

What is hallux valgus?

A
  • big toe deviates from the normal position and angles inward toward the second toe
101
Q

What is shown in this diagram?

A
  • malleolar mortise
102
Q

Label these 3 ligaments

103
Q

Label the anterior tibiofibular and posterior tibiofibular ligament

104
Q

Which of the preceding ankle ligaments are commonly affected by inversion injuries?

A
  • lateral (anterior talofibular)
105
Q

How does Pott’s fracture occur?

A
  • Occurs after forcible foot eversion often causing tearing of the medial malleolus.
  • The talus then moves laterally, shearing off the lateral malleolus or breaking the fibula superior to the inferior tibiofibular joint.
106
Q

At what joint do eversion and inversion of the foot occur?

A
  • subtalar joint
107
Q

What movements can the transverse tarsal joint do?

A
  • inversion
  • eversion
  • rotation
108
Q

What bones is the transverse tarsal joint formed from?

A
  • between the talus and the navicular, the calcaneus and the cuboid
109
Q

What movement occurs at the tarsometatarsal joint?

A
  • gliding/sliding
110
Q

What movement occurs at the metatarsophalangeal joints?

A
  • flexion/extension abduction and adduction
111
Q

What movement occurs at the interphalangeal joints?

A
  • flexion/ extension
112
Q

What joint is shown here?

113
Q

What joint is shown here?

A
  • transverse tarsal
114
Q

What joint is shown here?

A
  • Talocalcaneonavicular
115
Q

What joint is shown here?

A
  • Calcaneocuboid
116
Q

What joint is shown here?

A
  • Tarsometatarsal
117
Q

What joint is shown here?

A
  • Metatarsophalangeal
118
Q

What joint is shown here?

A
  • Interphalangeal
119
Q

How are the bones in the foot arranged?

A
  • longitudinal and transverse arches
120
Q

In the erect position what parts of the foot make contact with the ground?

A
  • heel, lateral margin of the foot, ball of the foot and the pads of the toes
121
Q

What ligaments are important in maintaining the arch of the foot?

A
  • spring ligaments
122
Q

Label this image

123
Q

What does peroneus brevis attach to?

A
  • base of the 5th metatarsal
124
Q

Where does peroneus longus attach to?

A
  • crosses from lateral to medial and attaches to the base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform
125
Q

Where do the tendons of tibialis anterior and posterior converge onto?

A
  • base of the first metatarsal and the cuneiform
126
Q

Label this image

127
Q

What arches are involved in ‘flat feet’ (pes Planus)?

A
  • loss of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot
128
Q

What is Plantar Fasciitis (fasciosis)?

A
  • inflammation of the plantar fascia
129
Q

Where does the plantar fascia originate from?

A
  • originates from the medial tubercle of the calcaneus
130
Q

Label these 2 structures

131
Q

What arches are shown here?

133
Q

What are the structures in the popliteal fossa from medial to lateral?

A
  • Popliteal artery
  • Popliteal vein
  • Tibial nerve.
134
Q

What is the roof of the popliteal fossa formed by?

A
  • fascia lata
135
Q

What is the floor of the popliteal fossa formed by?

A
  • popliteal surface of the femur, capsule of the knee joint and the popliteus muscle and its fascia
136
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the gastrocnemius?

A
  • medial condyle of femur and area just above condyle.
  • lateral condyle of femur and area just above condyle.
137
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the soleus?

A
  • 1/3 of posterior fibula
138
Q

What is the principle action of the gastrocnemius and soleus?

A
  • plantar flexing the foot at the ankle joint
  • flexing the leg at the knee joint
139
Q

What is the action of the popliteus?

A
  • flexing the leg upon the thigh
  • when the leg is flexed, it will rotate the tibia inward
140
Q

Which artery provides the principal blood supply to the posterior compartment of the leg and what are its terminal divisions?

A
  • popliteal artery
  • anterior and posterior tibial arteries
141
Q

What is the relationship of the neurovascular bundle and the tendons of the three deep muscles to the medial malleolus?

A
  • posterior to medial malleolus
142
Q

What is the common action of the :

flexor digitorum longus

Flexor Hallucis longus

Tibialis posterior

A
  • plantar flex and invert the foot
143
Q

What is the nerve supply and nerve roots of the :

Flexor Digitorum longus

Flexor Hallucis longus

Tibialis posterior

A
  • Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)
144
Q

What 2 muscles does the lateral compartment contain?

A
  • Fibularis (peroneus) longus
  • Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
145
Q

What is the sensory and motor innervation for the superficial peroneal nerve?

A
  • Motor : Innervates the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg.
  • Sensory: Supplies the vast majority of the skin over the dorsum of the foot, apart from the webbing between the hallux and the second digit
146
Q

What is the sensory and motor innervation for the deep peroneal nerve?

A
  • motor function: Innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg, as well as some of the intrinsic muscles of the foot.
  • Sensory function: Supplies the triangular region of skin between the 1st and 2nd toes.
147
Q

Label this image

148
Q

What is the function of the retinacula?

A
  • prevents bowstringing of tendons
149
Q

The tendons of the peroneus (fibularis) longus and brevis pass posteriorly behind which bony structure of the Fibula?

A
  • lateral malleolus
150
Q

Label this image

151
Q

Label this image

152
Q

Label this image

153
Q

Label this image

154
Q

What is the common action of these muscles :

Tibialis anterior

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Fibularis tertius

A
  • dorsiflex and invert the foot at the ankle joint
155
Q

What is the common innervation of these muscles :

Tibialis anterior

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Fibularis tertius

A
  • deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
156
Q

What is an important pulse to examine in arteriopathies?

A
  • dorsalis pedis
157
Q

Between which tendons does the dorsalis pedis lie?

A
  • between the extensor hallucis longus tendon and the medial tendon of the extensor digitorum longus muscle
158
Q

What nerve are these muscles supplied by?

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A
  • deep peroneal nerve.
159
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the 1st layer of the foot?

A
  • Abductor Hallucis
  • Flexor Digitorum Brevis
  • Abductor Digiti Minimi
160
Q

What are the muscles in the 2nd layer of the foot?

A
  • 4 lumbricals Quadratus Plantae
161
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the 3rd layer of the foot?

A
  • flexor hallucis brevis
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • adductor Hallucis
162
Q

What muscle and tendon is contained in the 4th layer of the foot?

A
  • Plantar Interossei (4 dorsal and 3 Plantar)
  • Tendons of fibularis longus and tibialis posterior
163
Q

What is the function of the 4 lumbricals quadratus plantae?

A
  • assist flexor digitorum longus
164
Q

What is the function of the muscles in the 1st layer of the foot and what is their nerve supply?

A
  • Abductor Hallucis – abducts and flexes great toe (medial plantar nerve)
  • Flexor Digitorum Brevis – flexes lateral four digits (medial plantar nerve)
  • Abductor Digiti Minimi – abducts and flexes 5th digit – Lateral plantar nerve
165
Q

What is the nerve supply (named nerve & “nerve roots”) of the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A
  • plantar nerve or the lateral plantar nerve, which are both branches of the tibial nerve
  • L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3
166
Q

Label this image & what layer do these muscles belong to?

167
Q

Label this image & what layer do these muscles belong to?

168
Q

What structure is this and what layer?

A
  • 4th layer
  • interossei
169
Q

Label this image & what layer of the foot is this?

170
Q

Label this image

A
  • A = lateral epicondyle
  • B = medial epicondyle
  • C = fibula
  • D = tibia
  • E = medial femoral condyle
  • F = lateral femoral condyle
  • G = intercondylar eminence
  • H = medial tibial plateau
  • I = lateral tibial plateau
171
Q

Label this image

A
  • J =
  • K = tibia
  • L = fibula
  • M = tibiofibular joint
  • N = medial condyle
  • O = shaft of femur
    *
172
Q

Label this image

A
  • A = fibula
  • B = tibia
  • C = malleolar fossa / lateral malleolus
  • D = medial malleolus
  • E = trochlea of talus
  • F = inferior articular surface
173
Q

Label this image

A
  • A = tibia
  • B = talus
  • C = navicular
  • D = calcaneus
  • E = tibiotalar joint
  • F = talocalcaneal joint
174
Q

Label this image

A
  • A = Distal phalanx
  • B = proximal phalanx
  • C = metatarsal I
  • D = medial, lateral and intermediate cuneiforms
  • E = navicular
  • F = cuboid
  • G = talus
  • H = calcaneium
  • I = distal phalanx
  • J = intermediate phalanx
  • K = metatarsophalangeal joint
  • L = sesamoid bones
  • M =

Clinical anatomy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions