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Clinical anatomy > Head & Neck III > Flashcards

Head & Neck III Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the angle of Louis?

A
  • T4/T5
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2
Q

What separates the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

A
  • SCM muscle
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3
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle?

A
  • Lower border of the mandible
  • Anterior portion of the SCM
  • Midline of the neck
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4
Q

What are the 3 other triangles within the anterior triangle?

A
  • Digastric
  • Muscular
  • Carotid
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5
Q

What divides the carotid and the muscular triangle?

A
  • omohyoid
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6
Q

What separates the carotid and the carotid triangle?

A
  • digastric
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7
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle?

A
  • Posterior border of SCM
  • Trapezius
  • Part of the clavicle
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8
Q

Label this image

A
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9
Q

Label this image

A
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10
Q

What is contained in the muscular triangle?

A
  • strap muscles
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11
Q

What is contained in the carotid triangle?

A
  • carotid sheath
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12
Q

What is contained in the submandibular triangle?

A
  • digastric
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13
Q

What are the 4 structures in the anterior triangle?

A
  • common carotid artery
  • vagus (X)
  • ansa cervicalis
  • internal jugular vein
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14
Q

What are the 2 structures in the muscular triangle?

A
  • strap muscles
  • external jugular vein
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15
Q

What does the facial nerve supply?

A
  • posterior belly and mylohyoid
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16
Q

What is the neck bounded by?

A
  • clavicles and manubrium of the sternum, inferiorly,
  • the mandible, mastoid processes and superior nuchal lines, superiorly.
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17
Q

Why is the posterior surface of the neck longer than the anterior surface?

A
  • because the upper 3 cervical vertebrae are overlapped by the facial skeleton.
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18
Q

What are the 4 layers of the neck?

A
  • Skin
  • Investing layer (around the muscles)
  • Deep fascia surrounds all the muscles in the neck and the posterior of the spinous process
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19
Q

Label these layers of the neck

A
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20
Q

What are the 10 lymph nodes of the head and the neck?

A
  • submental
  • submandibular
  • parotid, superficial and deep
  • posterior auricular
  • occipital
  • jugulodigastric
  • jugulo omohyoid
  • supraclavicular
  • deep cervical lymph chain
  • superficial cervical lymph chain
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21
Q

What are the 4 supra-hyoid muscles?

A
  • digastric
  • geniohyoid
  • mylohyoid
  • stylohyoid
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22
Q

What are the 4 infra-hyoid muscles?

A
  • sternohyoid
  • omohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • thyrohyoid
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23
Q

Label this image

A
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24
Q

What are the actions of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid?

A
  • suprahyoid - elevate
  • infrahyoid - depress
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25
Q

What does the ansa cervicalis do?

A
  • innervates the omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid
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26
Q

What is the thyrohyoid innervated by?

A
  • thyrohyoid which is a branch of the hypoglossal
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27
Q

What is the origin of the omohyoid?

A
  • inferior belly : superior border of scapula
  • superior belly : intermediate tendon
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28
Q

What is the insertion of the omohyoid?

A
  • inferior belly : intermediate tendon
  • superior belly : body of hyoid bone, lower border
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29
Q

What is the action of the omohyoid?

A
  • depresses hyoid bone and larynx
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30
Q

What is the innervation of the omohyoid?

A
  • ansa cervicalis C1, C2 C3
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31
Q

What is the origin of the sternohyoid?

A
  • manubrium of sternum, posterior aspect
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32
Q

What is the insertion of the sternohyoid?

A
  • body of hyoid bone lower border
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33
Q

What is the function of the sternohyoid?

A
  • depresses hyoid bone and larynx
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34
Q

What is the innervation of the sternohyoid?

A
  • ansa cervicalis C1, C2, C3
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35
Q

What is the origin of the sternothyroid?

A

*

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36
Q

What is the insertion of the sternothyroid?

A
  • oblique line of thyroid cartilage
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37
Q

What is the action of the sternothyroid?

A
  • depresses larynx
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38
Q

What is the innervation of the sternothyroid?

A
  • ansa cervicalis C1, C2, C3
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39
Q

Where is the origin of the digastric (posterior belly)?

A
  • digastric notch of temporal bone at the base of the skull
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40
Q

Where is the insertion of the digastric (posterior belly)?

A
  • intermediate tendon which passes through sling of fascia on greater horn of hyoid bone
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41
Q

What is the action of the posterior belly of the digastric?

A
  • raises hyoid bone
42
Q

What is the innervation of the posterior belly of the digastric?

A
  • facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)
43
Q

Where is the origin of the anterior belly of the digastric?

A
  • intermediate tendon
44
Q

Where is the insertion of the anterior belly of the digastric?

A
  • digastric fossa on the mandible
45
Q

What is the action of the anterior belly of the digastric?

A
  • elevates the hyoid bone
46
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior belly of the digastric?

A
  • nerve to mylohyoid
  • cranial nerve V3
47
Q

Where is the origin of the mylohyoid?

A
  • mylohyoid line of medial aspect of mandibular body
48
Q

Where is the insertion of the mylohyoid?

A
  • median raphe and body of hyoid bone
49
Q

What is the action of the mylohyoid?

A
  • elevates hyoid bone, base of tongue and floor of mouth
50
Q

What is the innervation of the mylohyoid?

A
  • nerve to mylohyoid
  • cranial nerve V3
51
Q

Where is the origin of the geniohyoid?

A
  • inferior genial tubercle of mandible
52
Q

Where is the insertion of the geniohyoid?

A
  • body of hyoid bone
53
Q

What is the action of the geniohyoid?

A
  • elevates hyoid bone
  • protracts hyoid bone
54
Q

What is the innervation of the geniohyoid?

55
Q

Where is the origin of the stylohyoid?

A
  • styloid process
56
Q

Where is the insertion of the stylohyoid?

A
  • greater horn of hyoid bone
57
Q

What is the action of the stylohyoid?

A
  • elevates hyoid bone
58
Q

What is the innervation of the stylohyoid?

A
  • facial nerve - cranial nerve VII
59
Q

What is the innervation of the SCM?

A
  • spinal accessory nerve
60
Q

What innervates the scalene muscles?

A
  • C4, C5, C6
61
Q

Label this image with

1) dens
2) atlas
3) axis
4) foramen transversarium

62
Q

Label this image

63
Q

Label this image

64
Q

What is the pharynx divided into?

A
  • nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx
65
Q

Where does the nasopharynx run from and to?

A
  • base of the skull to tip of uvula at C1-C2
66
Q

How is the nasopharynx continuous with the nasal cavity?

67
Q

what nerve gives sensory innervation to the nasopharynx?

A
  • maxillary (V2) sensory
68
Q

Label these 3 structures

69
Q

What kind of a scan is this and how can you tell?

A
  • coronal CT scan
  • air is black
70
Q

What is the drainage from the maxilla?

A
  • uncinate process
71
Q

What is the function of the ethmoid air cells?

A
  • drain between the sphenoid and the ethmoid
72
Q

What kind of a scan is this and how can you tell?

A
  • MRI
  • you can see tissue
73
Q

Label these sinuses

74
Q

What cell type is found in the conchae?

A
  • ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
75
Q

Where does the frontal sinus drain?

A
  • into the superior concha
76
Q

Where does the oropharynx run from and to?

A
  • from tip of uvula to epiglottis at C2-C3
77
Q

How is the oropharynx continuous with the oral cavity?

A
  • isthmus of the fauces
78
Q

Label these 4 structures

79
Q

What is the function of the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

A
  • elevates pharynx + larynx
  • opens eustachian tube
80
Q

What nerve gives sensory innervation to the oropharynx?

A
  • glossopharyngel nerve CN X
81
Q

At what vertebral level is the larynx found?

82
Q

Label these structures

84
Q

What is the piriform recess?

A
  • muscosal recess formed between central part of larynx and lateral thyroid cartilage
85
Q

What is the clinical significance of the piriform recess?

A
  • food can get stuck here
86
Q

What is the posterior wall of the pharynx enclosed by?

A
  • three constrictor muscles (superior, middle and inferior).
87
Q

What are the constrictor muscles innervated by?

88
Q

What are the efferent and afferent components of the pharyngeal (gag) reflex?

A
  • afferent limb of the reflex is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX)
  • The efferent limb is supplied by the vagus nerve
89
Q

Where does the middle constrictor attach?

A
  • greater horn of the hyoid bone
  • lesser horn of hyoid bone
  • stylohyoid ligament
90
Q

Where does the superior constrictor attach?

A
  • pterygomandibular raphe
  • mandible
  • pterygoid hamulus
91
Q

Where does the inferior constrictor attach?

A
  • cricoid cartilage
  • oblique line of thyroid cartilage
92
Q

How are the constrictor muscles arranged?

A
  • stacked like cups
93
Q

What 2 structures form the pharyngeal pouch and what is the significance of this?

A
  • The thyropharyngeal and the cricopharyngeal from the inferior constrictor can form a pharyngeal pouch
  • food can collect there
94
Q

What is the blood supply to the upper pharynx?

A
  • branches of external carotid
95
Q

What is the blood supply to the palatine tonsil?

A
  • tonsillar branch of facial artery
96
Q

What is the blood supply of the lower pharynx?

A
  • inferior thyroid artery which is a branch of thyrocervical trunk
97
Q

What are the 2 branhces of the maxillary artery?

A
  • ascending palatine artery
  • tonsillar branch
98
Q

What is the blood supply to the constrictor muscles?

A
  • ascending pharyngeal artery
99
Q

What is the blood supply to the lower pharynx?

A
  • inferior thyroid artery
100
Q

Where do the lymph vessels of the pharynx drain?

A
  • into deep cervical nodes
101
Q

What node drains the palatine tonsils?

A
  • jugulodigastric
102
Q

Label this image

Clinical anatomy (10 decks)

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