Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK- Assessment 1 > Lower Limb I and II > Flashcards

Lower Limb I and II Flashcards

1
Q

Innervation of the lower limb- sources of cutaneous nerves

A

Lumbar plexus, sacral plexus, posterior rami of lumbar and sacral nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lumbar plexus is formed by and innervates

A

L1-L4
Anterior and medial thigh
Upper anterior leg; medial leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The sacral plexus formed by and innervates

A

Anterior rami of the S1-S4 and contributions from L4 and L5

Lower buttocks
Posterior thigh and leg
Lower anterior leg and foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Posterior rami of lumbar and sacral nerves innervate

A

Upper buttocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dermatomes of the anterior region:
Dermatomes of the posterior region:
Dermatomes of the coccygeal region:

A

L1-L5
S1-S2
S3-S5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tract of the small (lesser, short) saphenous vein

A

Origin is from the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch of the foot
Ascends from behind lateral malleolus along lateral side of the tendon calcaneus, crosses the latter to the middle of the back of the leg, runs straight upward to pierce the deep fascia in the lower popliteal space
Terminates in popliteal vein between the heads of the gastrocnemius muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tract of the great (long) saphenous vein

A

Origin is from the dorsal venous arch of the foot
Ascends in front of the medial malleolus, along the medial side of the leg, posterior to the medial condolences of the tibia and femur, along the medial side of the thigh to the saphenous opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The fascia lata is reinforced laterally by the longitudinal fibers of

A

The iliotibial tract/band: IT band
The common aponeurotic tendon of the gluteus Maximus and tensor fascia latae muscles
Specialization of the fascia lata that inserts on the iliac tubercle and the medial condolences of the tibia to make the IT band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The arterial blood supply of a joint is derived from

A

The periarticular anastomosis of blood vessels, which is fed by branches of the arteries passing the joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nerve supply to a joint- hilton’s law

A

Rich innervation
Supplied by all the nerves which innervate the muscles producing movement at that joint
Nerve supply to a joint represents its major source of self-defense against mechanical insult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Immovable joints:

Structure, description, example

A

Fibrous- fibrous connections, sutures of skull

Cartilaginous- interposition of cartilaginous plate, epiphyseal cartilages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Slightly movable joints:

Structure, description, and example

A

Fibrous- ligamentous connection, between tibia and fibula

Cartilaginous- connection by fibrocartilage pad, between pubic bones and intervertebral disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Freely movable joint:
Structure, description, examples
Movements

A

Synovial- complex joint bound by joint capsule containing synovial fluid, numerous examples: subdivided by range of movement (knee, hip, ankle)
Can be categorized as a simple or complex articulation
Gliding, angular, circumduction, rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hip joint is made up of:

type and movements

A

Ball and socket (enarthrosis)
Circumduction of lower limb, lateral rotation and medial rotation.
(Acetabulum and head of the femur)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ligaments of the hip joint

A 
Acetabular labrum
Transverse acetabular
Round ligament (ligamentum capitis femoris)
Iliofemoral (Y ligament of Bigelow)
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The anterior compartment of the thigh:

Function, innervation, blood supply

A

Flexor of the hip joint and extensor of the knee
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Muscles of the anterior thigh: flexors of the hip joint

A

Pectineus
Sartorius
Psoas major and minor
Illiacus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pectineus muscle:

Proximal and distal attachments, innervation, main actions

A

Pubis
Pectineal line of femur (line from lesser trochanter)
Femoral nerve, some obturator nerve
Adducts and flexes thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sartorius muscle:

Proximal and distal attachments, innervation, and main action

A

ASIS
Medial surface of proximal tibia
Femoral nerve
Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh, flexes knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Psoas major muscle

A

T12 and lumbar vertebral bodies
Lesser trochanter of femur
Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1-L3)
Flexes the thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Psoas minor muscle

A

T12/L1 vertebral bodies
Iliopubic eminence
Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1-L2)
Flexes the thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Iliacus muscle

A

Iliac crest/fossa
Tendon of the psoas major/lesser trochanter
Femoral nerve
Flexes thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Muscles of the anterior thigh: extensor of the knee

A

Quadriceps femoris: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastis intermedus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rectus femoris

A

AIIS
Via quadriceps tendon to base of patella; the patellar tendon attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity
Femoral nerve
Extends legs/flexes thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur
Via quadriceps tendon to base of patella
Femoral nerve
Extends leg

26
Q

Vastus medialis

A

Intertochanteric line and linea aspera of femur
Via quadriceps tendon to base of patella
Femoral nerve
Extend leg

27
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Shaft of the femur
Via quadriceps tendon to base of patella
Femoral nerve
Extends the leg

28
Q

Femoral nerve cutaneous branches

A

Anterior cutaneous branches

Saphenous nerve

29
Q

Medial compartment of the thigh:

Function, origin/insertion, innervation, blood supply

A

Adductor compartment
Origin on bone around the obturator foramen and insert into femur
Obturator nerve
Profounda femoris and obturator arteries

30
Q

Muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

Adductor longus and brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracious
Obturator externus

31
Q

Adductor longus

A

Pubic bone
Linea aspera of femur
Obturator nerve
Adducts thigh

32
Q

Adductor brevis

A

Pubic bone
Pectineal line and linea aspera of femur
Obturator nerve
Adducts thigh

33
Q

Adductor magnus

Adductor part

A

Ischiopubic ramus
Shaft of the femur
Obturator nerve
Adducts and flexes thigh

34
Q

Adductor Magnus

Hamstring part

A

Ischial tuberosity
Adductor tubercle of femur
Tibial division of sciatic nerve
Adducts and extends thigh

35
Q

Gracilis

A

Pubic bone
Medial condyles of tibia
Obturator nerve (L2,3)
Adducts thigh, flexes leg, rotates leg medially

36
Q

Obturator externus

A

Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
Posterior side of femur; on and around greater trochanter of femur
Obturator nerve (L3,4)
Laterally rotates thigh, steadies head of femur in acetabulum

37
Q

Boundaries of the femoral triangle

A 
Superiorly- inguinal ligament
Medially- medial border of the adductor longus muscle
Laterally- sartorius muscle
*mnemonic 
So I May Always Love Sally
SAIL
38
Q

Deep fascia of the thigh (fascia lata) has a defect in it called

A

Saphenous opening- great saphenous vein passes through here and drains into the femoral vein

39
Q

Contents of the femoral triangle (from lateral to medial)

A

Femoral nerve and its branches
Femoral sheath and its contents: femoral artery, femoral vein and its proximal tributaries (great saphenous), and deep inguinal lymph nodes and associated lymph vessels in femoral canal

40
Q

The femoral sheath contains a medial compartment called:

A

Femoral canal- entrance into the canal is the femoral ring (a rigid structure bound by ligaments and a muscle)

41
Q

Lymphatics of the lower limb- vessels

A

Drain entire lower limb, perineum, trunk of body inferior to the transumbilical plane
Superficial- lie in superficial fascia; some follow great saphenous vein, others drain foot and leg and join those associated with the lesser saphenous vein or drain into popliteal nodes
Deep- accompany blood vessels

42
Q

Lymphatics of the lower limb- nodes

A

Popliteal nodes- in popliteal fossa
Superficial inguinal- horizontal group (inferior and parallel to inguinal ligament and drains penis, scrotum, labia, perineum, buttock, abdominal wall) and vertical group (along terminal great saphenous vein and drains its associated vessels)
Deep inguinal- deep to the deep fascia along the medial side of femoral vein and receive drainage from deep lymphatics of the lower extremity and from superficial nodes

43
Q

Adductor canal (subsartorial tunnel/Hunter’s canal)

A

Middle third of the thigh, extends from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus in the tendon of the adductor Magnus muscle
Provides intermuscular passage for femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve, and nerve to the vastus medialis muscle. Vessels emerge into popliteal fossa and become popliteal vessels.

44
Q

Boundaries of the adductor canal

A

Vastus medialis anteriorly and laterally
Adductors longus and Magnus posteriorly
Sartorius medially- overlies the canal, forming its roof

45
Q

Blood supply to the hip joint

A

Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries- main to head of femur
Retinacular (nutrient) arteries arise from medial circumflex pass along femoral neck beneath capsule
Artery of the ligament of head of femur- branch of obturator artery that provides 0-20% of blood supply to head of femur in adults

46
Q

Innervation to the skin of gluteal region

A

Superior clunial nerves (posterior rami, L1-3)
Iliohypogastric nerve
Medial clunial nerves (posterior rami, S1-S3)
Inferior clunial nerves (from posterior femoral nerves)

47
Q

Ligaments of the gluteal region

A

Sacrospinous ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament
Create the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

48
Q

Muscles that insert onto the iliotibial tract

A

Gluteus Maximus and tensor fasciae latae

49
Q

Muscles of the gluteal region- superficial group

Actions, attachments, blood and nerve supply

A

Abduction and extension of thigh
External surface of ilium
IT tract/gluteal tuberosity (Maximus) or greater trochanter (med, min)
Inferior and superior gluteal vessels and nerves
Gluteus Maximus, minimus, medius, and tensor fascia latae

50
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Ilium and sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
IT tract and proximal femur
Inferior gluteal nerve
Extends thigh and assists in lateral rotation
Raises trunk from bent forward position
Extends hip in step up*

51
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Lateral surface of ilium
Greater trochanter of femur
Superior gluteal nerve
Abduct and medially rotates thigh

52
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

Lateral surface of ilium
Greater trochanter of femur
Superior gluteal nerve
Adducts and medially rotates thigh

53
Q

Tensor fascia latae

A 
ASIS
IT tract
Superior gluteal nerve
Abducts and medially rotates thigh
Helps extend knee joint by tensing fascia on lateral side of thigh
54
Q

Muscles of the gluteal region- deep group

Action, attachments, names

A

Small lateral rotators and stabilizers of hip joint
Attach from sacrum and ischium to greater trochanter and adjacent to it
Piriformis
Obturator interns
Superior and inferior gemeli
Quadratic femoris

55
Q

Piriformis muscle

A

Anterior surface of the sacrum
Greater trochanter
Nerve to the piriformis
Laterally rotates thigh

56
Q

Obturator internus

A

Obturator foramen and membrane
Greater trochanter
Nerve to obturator internus
Laterally rotates thigh

57
Q

Superior and inferior gemeli

A

Superior- ischial spine, greater trochanter, nerve to obturator internus, laterally rotates thigh
Inferior- ischial tuberosity, greater trochanter, nerve to quadratic femoris, laterally rotates thigh

58
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

Ischial tuberosity
Intertrochanteric crest of femur
Nerve to the quadratus femoris
Laterally rotates thigh

59
Q

Structures passing above and below the piriformis muscle

A

Above- superior gluteal vessels and nerve
Below- inferior gluteal vessels and nerve, sciatic nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, superior gemellus muscle, tendon of the obturator internus muscle, inferior gemellus muscle, quadratus femoris muscle.

60
Q

Blood supply to the gluteal region

A

Superior gluteal artery- largest branch of internal iliac artery, enters gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis muscle, under gluteus Maximus to supply buttocks
Inferior gluteal artery- another branch of internal iliac artery, enters the gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis muscle and descends on medial side of sciatic nerve, supples buttocks and back of thigh.

61
Q

Nerve supply to the superficial gluteal region

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1) passes through the greater sciatic foramen immediately superior to piriformis muscle, passes between medius and minimus to supply them and the tensor fascia latae muscles
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2) traverses the greater sciatic foramen just inferior to the piriformis muscle and supplies the gluteus maximus

62
Q

Sciatic nerve- segments and tract

A

A common sheath that encases two nerves
L4-S3 segments of the sacral plexus
Emerges from greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle
Travels in the posterior compartment of the thigh and posterior to the adductor Magnus muscle
Divides into tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

MSK- Assessment 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions