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MSK- Assessment 1 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Cardinal features of skin examination

A

Distribution of lesions, arrangement/patterns of lesions, morphology of the lesion (shape, size, color, texture, primary vs. secondary)

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2
Q

Distribution of lesion includes

A

Extent- localized, regionalized, generalized, universal
Pattern- symmetry, photodistributed, follicular,
Location- flexural, extensor, palm/soles, scalp, joints, mucous membranes

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3
Q

Dermatomal pattern

A

Distribution of the sensory innervation

Herpes Zoster

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4
Q

Grouped arrangement

A

Clustered within a focal area

Herpes simplex

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5
Q

Linear arrangement

A

Often due to external phenomena

Poison ivy- contact dermatitis

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6
Q

Morphology shape- ring like with central clearing

A

Annular

Ringworm

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7
Q

Morphology shape- central depression or dell

A

Umbilical

Molluscum

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8
Q

Oval morphology example

A

Pityriasis rosea

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9
Q

Round or nummular morphology example

A

Discoid lupus or nummular eczema

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10
Q

What determines color of skin morphology?

A

Endogenous factors- melanin, hemoglobin
Exogenous factors- chemicals (carotene from food and Lycopenic acid from tomatoes) and deposition of material like iron, drugs

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11
Q

White morphology

A

Loss of melanin or hemoglobin
Increase in collagen/scar

Vitiligo

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12
Q

Brown morphology

A

Melanin in epidermis or papillary dermis, iron or increased thickness of skin

Melanocytic nevus

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13
Q

blue morphology

A

Dark substance or cells in dermis or subcutaneous- melanocytes, iron, medicine

Minocycline pigmentation

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14
Q

Red morphology

A

Capillaries- pyogenic granuloma (eroded capillary hemangioma
blood

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15
Q

Yellow morphology

A

Lipid- localized, Xanthelasma

Bilirubin and beta-carotene- generalized

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16
Q

Black morphology

A

Excessive Melanin- dysplastic nevus and melanoma

blood

17
Q

Translucent- clear/shiny morphology

A

Clear cells in skin- basal cell carcinoma

Fluid collection- eccrine cyst

18
Q

Brown, black and blue morphology (collectively)

A

Melanin deeper than epidermis- often a sign of malignant melanocytes
Melanoma

19
Q

Black and red morphology

A

Blood in superficial dermis- purpura

20
Q

Texture morphology- dry, white, adherent

A

Scaling- cutaneous lupus

21
Q

Examples of primary lesions

A 
Macule/patch
Papule/plaque
Nodule
Vesicle/bulla
Pustule
22
Q

Secondary lesions and differences

A

Erosion- loss of some epidermis, superficial
Ulcer- loss of complete epidermis, deep loss of skin involving dermis or subcutaneous fat
Fissure- linear split in skin
Eschar- scar/crust on top of lesion
Scratch
Excoriation- erosion or ucler caused by scratching

23
Q

Flat lesions- not palpable, no loss of substance, differs from surrounding skin because of color, smooth or scaling

A

Macule- small

Patch- greater than 1 cm

24
Q

Raised lesions- palpable due to space occupying substance of cells in skin

A

Papule: 1-5mm
Plaque: greater than 5mm, SA>height
Nodule: deeper, >5mm, height>SA
Tumor: larger nodule used to describe neoplasm

25
Q

Fluid filled spaces

A

Vesicles- clear fluid or blood filled, <5mm diameter
Bulla- fluid filled, larger than 5mm
Pustules- whitish yellow in color, filled with pus (neutrophils or eosinophils) not automatically infection, caused by hypersensitivity, physical trauma, autoimmune, genetic, etc

26
Q

Secondary lesion atrophy types

A

Thinning or wasting of one or all layers of skin

Epidermal- topical or injectable steroids
Dermal- age
Subcutaneous- HIV, injection

27
Q

Clinical description of exam

A

Distribution, pattern, then morphology
Ex) involving the face, torso, extremities
Scattered, multiple, discrete and confluent
1-20cm well defined red thick scaling plaques

28
Q

Scraping lab tests

A

KOH prep for yeast/fungi
Cytologic prep (Tzanck smear) in vesicular eruptions to check for infection with virus
Mineral oil prep for scabies mite, eggs, feces

29
Q

Other lab tests

A

Bacterial, viral, fungal cultures
Skin biopsy for histology, immunoflourescence or culture
Patch test for contact dermatitis

MSK- Assessment 1 (7 decks)

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