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Anatomy > Lower limb (from handbook) > Flashcards

Lower limb (from handbook) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the fascia lata?

A

deep fascia that surrounds the thigh like a sleeve

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2
Q

what is the iliotibial band/tract?

A

a thickening of the lateral part of
the fascia lata
- attaches to lateral part of proximal tibia

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3
Q

what is the importance of the fascia lata?

A

helps to stabilise the knee joint

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4
Q

what is the primary action of the anterior thigh muscles?

A

extensors of the knee

- some act on hip joint

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5
Q

what are the anterior thigh muscles innervated by?

A

femoral nerve (L2-4)

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6
Q

what are the anterior thigh muscles?

A
  • Quadriceps femoris (group of four large muscles)
  • Sartorius
  • Iliopsoas
  • Pectineus
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7
Q

what are the quadriceps femoris muscles?

A
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus intermedius
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8
Q

what is the primary action of the medial thigh muscles?

A

adduct the hip

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9
Q

what are the medial thigh muscles innervated by?

A

obturator nerve (L2-4)

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10
Q

what are the muscles of the medial thigh?

A
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor magnus
  • Gracilis
  • Obturator externus
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11
Q

what are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

lateral - sartorius
medial - adductor longus
superior - inguinal ligament
apex - where sartorius and adductor longus meet
floor - lateral: iliopsoas, medial: pectineus

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12
Q

what are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A
  • femoral artery
  • femoral vein
  • great saphenous vein
  • femoral nerve

(NAVY)

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13
Q

what are the superficial gluteal muscles?

A
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimus
  • Tensor fascia latae
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14
Q

what are the superficial gluteal nerves innervated by?

A 
inferior gluteal nerve:
- gluteus maximus
superior gluteal nerve:
- gluteus medius & minimus
- tensor fascia lata
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15
Q

what is the primary action of the deep gluteal muscles?

A

stabilise & laterally rotate the hip joint

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16
Q

what is the action of gluteus maximus?

A
  • extensor & lateral rotator of hip

- stabilises knee joint

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17
Q

what are the actions of gluteus medius & minimus?

A
  • abduct & medially rotate hip

- role in normal gait (standing on 1 leg)

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18
Q

what is the action of tensor fascia lata?

A
  • tenses fascia lata & iliotibial band
  • stabilises knee when extended
  • helps to flex knee
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19
Q

describe the course of piriformis

A

origin: anterior surface of sacrum
- through greater sciatic foramen
insertion: greater trochanter

20
Q

what are the posterior thigh muscles?

A
  • semimembranosus
  • semitendinosus
  • biceps femoris (long and short head)
  • hamstring part of adductor magnus
21
Q

what are the hamstring muscles?

A
  • semimembranosus
  • semitendinosus
  • long head of biceps femoris
22
Q

where do the hamstrings attach?

A

ischial tuberosity

23
Q

what are the actions of the hamstrings?

A
  • extend hip

- flex knee

24
Q

what are the hamstrings innervated by?

A

tibial nerve

25
Q

what is the action of the short head of biceps femoris and what is it innervated by?

A
  • flexion of knee

- common peroneal

26
Q

what is the action of adductor magnus and what is it innervated by?

A 
hamstring part:
- extension of hip
- tibial
adductor part:
- adduction of hip
- obturator
27
Q

what are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A 
superior:
- medial: semimembranosus & semitendinosus
- lateral: biceps femoris 
inferior:
- heads of gastrocnemius
28
Q

what are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A
  • popliteal artery
  • popliteal vein
  • tibial nerve
  • common peroneal nerve
29
Q

what is the popliteal artery a continuation of?

A

femoral artery

30
Q

what is the primary action of the anterior leg muscles?

A
  • dorsiflexors of foot

- extensors of toes

31
Q

what are the anterior leg muscles innervated by?

A

deep peroneal nerve

32
Q

what are the anterior leg muscles?

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor hallucis longus (EHL)
  • Extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
33
Q

where do the lateral leg muscles attach?

A

fibula

34
Q

what is the action of the lateral leg muscles?

A

evert foot at subtalar joint

35
Q

what are the lateral leg muscles innervated by?

A

superficial peroneal nerve

36
Q

what are the lateral leg muscles?

A
  • Peroneus longus (fibularis longus)

- Peroneus brevis (fibularis brevis)

37
Q

what is the significant muscle in the dorsum of the foot and what is it innervated by?

A

extensor digitorum brevis

- deep peroneal nerve

38
Q

what is the primary action of the posterior leg muscles?

A
  • plantarflexors of foot

- flexors of toes

39
Q

what are the posterior leg muscles innervated by?

A

tibial nerve

40
Q

what are the superficial posterior leg muscles?

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris
41
Q

where do the superficial posterior muscles insert?

A

calcaneus via Achilles tendon

42
Q

what are the deep posterior leg muscles?

A
  • popliteus
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor hallucis longus (FHL)
  • flexor digitorum longus (FDL)
43
Q

what are the muscles of the sole of the foot innervated by?

A

medial & lateral plantar nerves

44
Q

what are the terminal branches of the tibial nerve?

A

medial and lateral plantar nerves,

45
Q

what are the territories of skin supplied by the peripheral nerves of the lower limb?

A 
Femoral: 
- anterior thigh 
- anteromedial leg (via the saphenous nerve)
Obturator: 
- medial thigh
Common peroneal: 
- lateral leg 
- dorsum of the foot
Superficial peroneal: 
- lower lateral leg 
- most of the dorsum of the foot
Deep peroneal: 
- 1st interdigital cleft
Tibial nerve: 
- sole of the foot
46
Q

where would you test dermatomes of the lower limb?

A 
L1: region over the inguinal ligament
L2: upper anterior thigh
L3: medial aspect of the knee
L4: anteromedial leg
L5: antereolateral leg
S1: 5th digit / medial side of the foot

Anatomy (10 decks)

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