Lower limb (from handbook) Flashcards
what is the fascia lata?
deep fascia that surrounds the thigh like a sleeve
what is the iliotibial band/tract?
a thickening of the lateral part of
the fascia lata
- attaches to lateral part of proximal tibia
what is the importance of the fascia lata?
helps to stabilise the knee joint
what is the primary action of the anterior thigh muscles?
extensors of the knee
- some act on hip joint
what are the anterior thigh muscles innervated by?
femoral nerve (L2-4)
what are the anterior thigh muscles?
- Quadriceps femoris (group of four large muscles)
- Sartorius
- Iliopsoas
- Pectineus
what are the quadriceps femoris muscles?
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus intermedius
what is the primary action of the medial thigh muscles?
adduct the hip
what are the medial thigh muscles innervated by?
obturator nerve (L2-4)
what are the muscles of the medial thigh?
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor longus
- Adductor magnus
- Gracilis
- Obturator externus
what are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
lateral - sartorius
medial - adductor longus
superior - inguinal ligament
apex - where sartorius and adductor longus meet
floor - lateral: iliopsoas, medial: pectineus
what are the contents of the femoral triangle?
- femoral artery
- femoral vein
- great saphenous vein
- femoral nerve
(NAVY)
what are the superficial gluteal muscles?
- Gluteus maximus
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus minimus
- Tensor fascia latae
what are the superficial gluteal nerves innervated by?
inferior gluteal nerve: - gluteus maximus superior gluteal nerve: - gluteus medius & minimus - tensor fascia lata
what is the primary action of the deep gluteal muscles?
stabilise & laterally rotate the hip joint
what is the action of gluteus maximus?
- extensor & lateral rotator of hip
- stabilises knee joint
what are the actions of gluteus medius & minimus?
- abduct & medially rotate hip
- role in normal gait (standing on 1 leg)
what is the action of tensor fascia lata?
- tenses fascia lata & iliotibial band
- stabilises knee when extended
- helps to flex knee
describe the course of piriformis
origin: anterior surface of sacrum
- through greater sciatic foramen
insertion: greater trochanter
what are the posterior thigh muscles?
- semimembranosus
- semitendinosus
- biceps femoris (long and short head)
- hamstring part of adductor magnus
what are the hamstring muscles?
- semimembranosus
- semitendinosus
- long head of biceps femoris
where do the hamstrings attach?
ischial tuberosity
what are the actions of the hamstrings?
- extend hip
- flex knee
what are the hamstrings innervated by?
tibial nerve
what is the action of the short head of biceps femoris and what is it innervated by?
- flexion of knee
- common peroneal
what is the action of adductor magnus and what is it innervated by?
hamstring part: - extension of hip - tibial adductor part: - adduction of hip - obturator
what are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
superior: - medial: semimembranosus & semitendinosus - lateral: biceps femoris inferior: - heads of gastrocnemius
what are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
- popliteal artery
- popliteal vein
- tibial nerve
- common peroneal nerve
what is the popliteal artery a continuation of?
femoral artery
what is the primary action of the anterior leg muscles?
- dorsiflexors of foot
- extensors of toes
what are the anterior leg muscles innervated by?
deep peroneal nerve
what are the anterior leg muscles?
- Tibialis anterior
- Extensor hallucis longus (EHL)
- Extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
where do the lateral leg muscles attach?
fibula
what is the action of the lateral leg muscles?
evert foot at subtalar joint
what are the lateral leg muscles innervated by?
superficial peroneal nerve
what are the lateral leg muscles?
- Peroneus longus (fibularis longus)
- Peroneus brevis (fibularis brevis)
what is the significant muscle in the dorsum of the foot and what is it innervated by?
extensor digitorum brevis
- deep peroneal nerve
what is the primary action of the posterior leg muscles?
- plantarflexors of foot
- flexors of toes
what are the posterior leg muscles innervated by?
tibial nerve
what are the superficial posterior leg muscles?
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- plantaris
where do the superficial posterior muscles insert?
calcaneus via Achilles tendon
what are the deep posterior leg muscles?
- popliteus
- tibialis posterior
- flexor hallucis longus (FHL)
- flexor digitorum longus (FDL)
what are the muscles of the sole of the foot innervated by?
medial & lateral plantar nerves
what are the terminal branches of the tibial nerve?
medial and lateral plantar nerves,
what are the territories of skin supplied by the peripheral nerves of the lower limb?
Femoral: - anterior thigh - anteromedial leg (via the saphenous nerve) Obturator: - medial thigh Common peroneal: - lateral leg - dorsum of the foot Superficial peroneal: - lower lateral leg - most of the dorsum of the foot Deep peroneal: - 1st interdigital cleft Tibial nerve: - sole of the foot
where would you test dermatomes of the lower limb?
L1: region over the inguinal ligament L2: upper anterior thigh L3: medial aspect of the knee L4: anteromedial leg L5: antereolateral leg S1: 5th digit / medial side of the foot
