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Movement > Lower limb - common conditions and anatomy > Flashcards

Lower limb - common conditions and anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

How do you test for a fixed flexion deformity?

A

Thomas’ test

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1
Q

How is hip pain normally experienced?

A

Groin pain

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2
Q

Which is the frequently the first movement raange to be reduced in hip injury (especially osteoarthritis)?

A

Internal rotation

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3
Q

When considering hip Xrays, what is important to think about?

A

Reproductive organs

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4
Q

What is the most useful imaging modality when assessing avascular necrosis?

A

MRI

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5
Q

What operation would you perform to realign load transfer across the hip?

A

Osteotomy

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6
Q

Name one medication and one condition that will increase your risk of avascular neeccros?

A

Steroid, Gaucher disease

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7
Q

Name 1 lifestyle choice and one activity that can increase your risk of avascular necrosis?

A

Alcohol intake

Deep sea diving

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8
Q

Name a very common cause of hip pain where the hip joint itself is (generally) normal, and is frequently associated with lower back pain?

A

Trochanteric bursitis (inflammation of trachanteric bursa)

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9
Q

What is the commonest site of primary bone tumours in children and adolescents?

A

Knee

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10
Q

What is true knee locking?

A

When the knee cannot be extended due to a mechanical block (eg. torn meniscus or loose body).

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11
Q

What is pseudolocking of the knee?

A

Patient unable to flex or extend knee due to pain

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12
Q

Pain in the following areas of the knee are normally due to pathology in which area?

  • front of the knee
  • joint line (young? old?)
  • popliteal fossa on squatting (2)
A
  • patella
  • meniscal pathology (young), osteoarthritis (old)
  • Posterior meniscal tear, arthritis
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13
Q

What kind of arthritis does a varus knee often lead to?

A

Medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis due to local overloading

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14
Q

What is the proper latin name for club foot?

A

Talipes

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16
Q

Which of talipes calcaneo valgus and talipes equino varus is self correcting?

A

Talipes calcaneo varus

17
Q

What nerve mainly supplies the fro front of the upper leg?

A

Femoral

18
Q

Which nerve supplies back of thigh and the whole lower legend foot?

A

Sciatic nerve

19
Q

When is the sciatic nerve vulnerable to injury? Name 2 medical procedures, and 1 injury that can damage it?

A

When it runs behind the hip joint

  • intramuscular injejection
  • hip replacement (retractor)
  • hip dislocation
20
Q

Which nerve can be damaged by obstetric stirrups?

A

Peroneal nerve

21
Q

In the elderly, what kind of fracture frequently leads to AVN of the femoral head?

A

Sub-capital fracture (displaced fracture across the upper femoral neck)

22
Q

How can you tell that hip pain is coming from the hip and not from the knee or the back?

A

Pastry roll test (one hand on thigh, one hand on shin), if there is hip pain the patient will resist the rolling.

23
Q

Blood to the leg is supplied mainly through the __ artery which passes from the groin to the back of the __ where it become the __ artery and then divides into __ branches.

A

Femoral
Knee
Popliteal
3

24
Q

Which vein is a constant feature and is useful for venous access? Where is it?

A

Long saphenous vein

1 finger superior and anterior of medial malleolus

25
Q

What is the proper name of the ankle joint?

A

Subtalar joint

26
Q

What is the action of ACL?

A

Stop tibia sliding forwards and rotating on the femur

27
Q

Why can cruciate ligaments not heal?

A

They have no blood supply

28
Q

If an elderly patient suffers a sub-capital fracture of the femur neck, what is the treatment?

A

Hemi-arthroplasty

29
Q

In an extra articular fracture, what is the operative treatment?

A

Dynamic hip screw

30
Q

Which direction does the patella normally dislocate?

A

Laterally

31
Q

When the knee dislocates (rarely, only in severe trauma), what can be a serious consequence?

A

Popliteal artery damage

32
Q

What is the nerve and blood supply of the knee menisci?

A

None

33
Q

How do torn menisci cause problems?

A

They are normally painless but come times fragments can jam in the joint –> locking and pain

34
Q

How can you non surgically treat a torn ACL?

A

Physio to build up the quadriceps muscles etc so that they patient can have enough control over knew despite no AC:

35
Q

How can you surgically treat an ACL?

A

Insertion of a substitute cruciate ligament

Movement (10 decks)

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