Lower Limb Clinical Correlates

Question 1

Patellar Tendon Reflex

Answer 1

Femoral nerve

Question 2

Adductor Canal

Answer 2

Superficial femoral artery
Femoral vein
Nerve to vastus medialis (Femoral nerve)
Saphenous nerve (Femoral nerve)

Question 3

Trendenlenburg Sign

Answer 3

Superior gluteal nerve

Gluteus medius and minimus

Question 4

Misplaced gluteal injection

Answer 4

Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 5

Hip fracture (femoral neck)

Answer 5

Avascular necrosis (medial circumflex artery)

Question 6

Femoral catheter landmarks

Answer 6

ASIS & pubic tubercle

Question 7

Prepatellar bursitis

Answer 7

Swelling superficial to patella

Question 8

Anterior foot inversion injury

Answer 8

Avulsion fracture of tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

Question 9

Unable to invert foot (nerves injured?)

Answer 9

Deep peroneal and tibial nerves

Question 10

Gluteal pain from prolonged sitting

Answer 10

Trochanteric/gluteal bursitis

Question 11

Sudden posterior thigh pain

Answer 11

Hamstring pull

Question 12

Unable to stand on toes (nerve)

Answer 12

Tibial nerve

Question 13

Blunt trauma to lateral head of fibula (nerve and muscles)

Answer 13

Common peroneal nerve

Tibialis anterior & extensor digitorum longus

Question 14

Anterior Compartment Syndrome

Answer 14

Anterior tibial artery

Deep peroneal nerve

Question 15

Posterior tibial pulse landmarks

Answer 15

B/w medial malleolus and Achilles (calcaneal) tendon

Question 16

Order of ankle structures (ant -> post)

Answer 16

Tom, Dick, AN Harry

                  Tibialis posterior
        flexor Digitorum longus
post. tibial Artery
         tibial Nerve
        flexor Hallucis longus

Question 17

Weakness in dorsiflexion (muscle)

Answer 17

Tibialis anterior

Question 18

Posterior knee pulsatile mass (& non-pulsatile)

Answer 18

Popliteal aneurysm

Baker’s cyst

Question 19

Popliteal Fossa boundaries

Answer 19

Semi-membranosus & tendinosus
Biceps femoris

Gastrocnemius (medial & lateral heads)

Question 20

Popliteal Fossa contents

Answer 20

Popliteal artery & vein
Tibial, Common Peroneal & Sural nerves
Popliteal lymph nodes

Question 21

Baker’s Cyst (nerve & movement)

Answer 21

Tibial nerve

Plantar flexion and plantar sensation affected

Question 22

Sciatica

Answer 22

L5 - foot dorsiflexion weakness, difficulty walking on heels

S1 - foot plantarflexion weakness, difficulty walking on toes

Question 23

Loss of sensation in medial thigh (nerve)

Answer 23

Femoral/obturator nerves

Question 24

Foot Drop (nerve)

Answer 24

Deep peroneal nerve

Question 25

Paralysis of quadriceps femoris (nerve)

Answer 25

Femoral nerve

Question 26

Spasm of adductor muscles (nerve)

Answer 26

Obturator nerves

Question 27

Inability to flex thigh (nerve)

Answer 27

Ventral primary rami (L1, L2)

Question 28

Cauda Equina Syndrome

Answer 28

Compression of nerve roots below conus medullaris (L1-S5)

Pain: low back, legs, genital region, Saddle Anesthesia

Question 29

Posteriorly dislocated hip (ligament & important structures)

Answer 29

Ischiofemoral ligament

Damage to: Sciatic Nerve & gluteal muscles

Question 30

Anterior Drawer Sign

Answer 30

ACL tear

Question 31

Knee injury from lateral trauma

Answer 31

Medial meniscus & MCL tear

Question 32

Unlocks knee

Answer 32

Popliteus muscle

Question 33

Plantarflexion with torn Achilles tendon (muscles)

Answer 33

Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Peroneus longus & brevis

Question 34

Tri-Malleolar Fracture

Answer 34

Medial, lateral, and distal malleolus

Caused by deltoid ligament tear & subsequent tibial movement

Question 35

High ankle sprain (inversion)

Answer 35

Posterior tibiofibular ligament

Anterior tibiofibular ligament

Question 36

Low ankle sprain (inversion)

Answer 36

Posterior talofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament