Anterior and Lateral Leg, Foot Picture Cards

Question 1

Answer 1

1. Great saphenous vein
2. Tibial nerve (division of sciatic)
3. Common fibular (peroneal) nerve - also division of sciatic
4. Small saphenous vein

Question 2

Name the muscle, compartment, origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

Answer 2

Popliteus muscle. Deep posterior compartment of leg. Originates on the lateral femoral condyle and attaches to posterior tibia. Innervated by the tibial nerve. Action is to unlock the knee by medially rotating the tibia with respect to the femur.

Question 3

Answer 3

1) Cuneiforms (3x)
2) Navicular
3) Talus
4) Phalanges
5) Metatarsals
6) 5th metatarsal tuberosity (insertion point for peroneus brevis)
7) Cuboid
8) Calcaneus

Question 4

Name the muscle, compartment, origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

Answer 4

Popliteus muscle. Deep posterior compartment of leg. Originates on the lateral femoral condyle and attaches to posterior tibia. Innervated by the tibial nerve. Action is to unlock the knee by medially rotating the tibia with respect to the femur.

Question 5

Name the muscles, compartment, origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

Answer 5

1. Gasctocnemius medial head
2. Gastrocnemius lateral head

Superficial posterior compartment. Originate on the medial and lateral femoral condyles, and both join at the Aponeurosis of gastrocnemius which joins to the posterior calcaneus via the tendo calcaneus (Achilles tendon) Action is to plantarflex the foot and they are weak knee flexors. Tibial nerve innervation.

Question 6

Name the muscles, compartment, origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

Answer 6

Soleus muscle. Superficial posterior leg compartment. Innervated by the tibial nerve. Originates from both the proximal fibular and tibula and attaches jointly with the two gastrocnemius muscles on the calcaneus. Action is plantarflexion of the foot.

Question 7

Fill in the dermatome map with the corresponding nerves.

Answer 7

1. Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
2. Sural nerve
3. Superficial peroneal nerve
4. Tibial nerve
5. Saphenous nerve

Question 8

Name the muscle, compartment, origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

Answer 8

Flexor digitorum longus. Deep posterior leg compartment. Originates on the upper posterior tibia and distally it sends its tendon around the medial malleolus, crossing the flexor hallucis longus tendon superficially. The tendon sends slips to insert onto the bases of the distal phalanges of the lateral 4 toes. Innervated by the tibial nerve. Action is to flex the toes.

Question 9

Name the muscle, compartment, origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

Answer 9

Flexor hallicus longus. It arises from the fibula and sends its tendon around the sustentaculum tali to insert on the base of the phalanx of the hallux (big toe). This muscle acts to flex the hallux. Innervated by the tibial nerve.

Question 10

Name the muscle, compartment, origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

Answer 10

Tibialis posterior. It is the deepest muscle in this compartment and originates largely from the interosseus membrane. It inserts onto the plantar surfaces of many of the tarsal bones and it’s tendon remains deep to the overlying flexor tendons within the sole of the foot. Tibial nerve innervation. Actions are inversion and plantarflexion.

Question 11

Name the muscle, compartment, origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

Answer 11

Fibularis longus aka peroneus longus. Lateral compartment of the leg. Originates from the lateral fibula and runs distally around the posterior lateral malleolus and its tendon passes deep within the sole of the foot to insert on the 1st cuneiform bone and base of the 1st metatarsal. Innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve. Action is to evert and plantarflex the foot.

Question 12

Name the muscle, compartment, origin, insertion, innervation, blood supply, and action.

Answer 12

Peroneus brevis. Lateral compartment of the leg. It arises from the lateral fibula distal to the origin of the peroneus longus, and inserts on the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal. The vascular supply is by branches of the peroneal and anterior tibial arteries. Innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve. Action is to evert and plantarflex the foot.

Question 13

Name the muscle, compartment, origin, insertion, innervation, blood supply, and action.

Answer 13

Extensor digitorum longus. Anterior compartment of the leg. It arises from the fibula and interosseus membrane proximal to extensor hallucis longus. As it extends down the leg it passes superficially over the extensor hallucis longus muscle. Its tendon divides into four slips, which insert onto the bases of the second and terminal phalanges of the lateral four toes. Innervated by the deep peroneal nerve. Blood supply from anterior tibial artery. Action is to extend the toes.

Question 14

Name the muscle, compartment, origin, insertion, innervation, blood supply, and action.

Answer 14

Tibialis anterior muscle. Anterior compartment of the leg. It arises from the tibia and interosseus membrane and inserts on the medial sides of the 1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal bones. Innervated by the deep peroneal nerve. Blood supply by the anterior tibial artery. Action is to strongly dorsiflex the foot; also inverts the foot.

Question 15

Answer 15

Lateral malleolus (on fibula)

Question 16

Identify these nerves.

Answer 16

1. Common peroneal nerve
2. Superficial peroneal nerve
3. Deep peroneal nerve

Question 17

Answer 17

Posterior tibial artery

Question 18

Answer 18

Peroneal artery

Question 19

Answer 19

Anterior tibial artery

Question 20

Answer 20

Deep peroneal nerve

Question 21

Answer 21

Tibial nerve

Question 22

Answer 22

Superficial peroneal nerve

Question 23

Answer 23

Medial malleolus

Question 24

What are these four ligaments collectively called?

Answer 24

Deltoid ligament

Question 25

Answer 25

Anterior talofibular ligament, part of the lateral (collateral) ligament of the ankle

Question 26

Answer 26

Calcaneofibular ligament, part of the lateral (collateral) ligament of the ankle

Question 27

Answer 27

Anterior tibiofibular ligament

Question 28

Answer 28

Extensor hallucis longus

Question 29

Answer 29

Peroneus tertius (eversion of the foot)

Question 30

Answer 30

Extensor hallucis brevis

Question 31

Answer 31

Extensor digitorum brevis

Question 32

Answer 32

Anterior tibial artery

Question 33

Answer 33

Dorsalis pedis artery

Question 34

Answer 34

1. S2
2. S1

These nerves are tested during the calcaneal tendon reflex.