Lower limb anatomy deck Flashcards
Structures that pass behind the medial malleolus
Tom, dick and very naughty harry
Tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery and vein, tibialis posterior tendon, tendon of flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum tendon
What is the nerve dermatomes in the lower limb
Look at photo on the internet and study
Where to inversion and eversion of the foot occour. What joint?
This occurs at the subtalar joint
Where does foot plantar and dorsiflexion occur
This occurs at the talus and tibio-fibular joint
What is the innervation to the first webspace of the foot
deep peroneal nerve
What is the garden classification of hip fractures
1: undisplaced and incomplete fracture
2: undisplaced and complete fracture
3: Discplased and incomplete fracture
4: Displaced and complete fracture
1,2 screw and 3,4 hemi
Subtrochanteric fractures are often managed with intramedullary nailing
What is the blood supply to the hip joint
Medial and lateral circumflex arteries that originate from the profunda as well as the artery to the femoral head in the ligamentum teres that originates from the obturator artery, this is negligible in adults
The blood supply is retrograde
Where does the psoas major originate and what is the action
L1-L4 and inserts into the lesser trochanter, causing flexion of the hip joint
Where does the iliotibial tract arise
Anterolateral iliac tubercle to the to the lateral condyle
What muscles insert onto the liotibial tract and what is the clinical significance
Glute max and tensor fascia lata, stabilises the knee in extension and partial flexion, it is important in running and walking
Where does the gluteus maximus muscle attach
Gluteal tuberosity of the femur, it is supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve and the nerve roots are L5,S1,S2
What nerve supplies the tensor fascia lata
Superior gluteal nerve L4,L5 and S1
Gluteus medias function
While standing, it is a hip abductor, while walking, supports the body with the minimus so that the hip does not fall to one side
What is the surface marking of the sciatic nerve
2 points
Halfway between PSIS and ischial tuberosity and halfway between the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter
What are the variations of the sciatic nerve exiting the pelvis
Normally goes from below the piriformis, but can also go through it or it may divide high with one division going through or around the piriformis
What is the blood supply to the knee joint
femoral, popliteal and crural arteries anastomose to form the blood supply to the knee
Medial and lateral superior genicular arteries: Supply the femoral condyles
Medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries: Supply the tibial condyles
Middle genicular artery: Supplies the ACL and PCL
How would one differentiate between the semimembranosus and the semitendinosus
The tendon one has a large tendon and the membrane one fans into an attachment
What are the possible causes for swelling in the back of the knee
Seb cyst, popliteal cyst (Bakers), abscess, DVT, varicose veins
What forms the pes anserius
Semitenndanosus, sartorius and gracilis
What is the iliotibial band
Longitudinal thickening of the tensor fascia lata extending from the iliac tubercle to the lateral tibial condyle. It is a dynamic stabilizer of the knee joint
How many arches does the foot have
Medial, lateral and transverse
What are the components of the medial longitudinal arch
Bones: Calcaneus, talus, navicular and all 3 cuniform bones and medial 3 metatarsals
Ligaments: Interosseous and spring ligament
Muscles: Flex hal long, flex dig long and brev, tib ant and post
What are the components of the lateral longitudinal arch
Bones: Calcaneus, cuboid and lateral 2 met
Ligaments: long and short plantar ligaments
Muscles: per long, flex dig long and brev
What are the components of the transverse arch
Bones: Bases of all 5 met
Ligaments: interosseous
Muscle: Peroneus longus
Which muscles form the inversion and eversion of the foot
Eversion: Per long and brev
Inversion: Tib ant and post along with some help from the extensors as well as flex hal long
What are the fascial compartments of the lower limb and their contents
Name the points of insertion of the extracapsular ligaments of the hip joint.
iliofemoral: Y shaped and arises from the anterior inferior iliac spine. Inserts into the trochanteric line. (resists hyperextension). One of the strongest in the body
Pubofemoral: Arises from the pubofemoral juntion and blends with the medial aspect of the capsule (resists extension and abduction)
Ischiofemoral: Ischium to the greater trochanter. Limits extension.
Blood supply to the hip joint and the head of the femur
Cruciate anastomoses: Inferior gluteal artery, the lateral and medial circumflex arteries, the first perforating artery of the profunda and the posterior branch of the obtruator artery
Trochanteric anastomosis: Superior gluteal artery and the medial and lateral superior circumflex artery.
Artery of ligamentum teres: branch of the obtruator artery.