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Anatomy > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Longest vein

A

Great saphenous vein

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2
Q

Main nerve supply of Anterior compartment of thigh

A

Femoral nerve

Side( femoral branch on genitofemoral nerve, nerve to pectinous, lateral cutenous nerve of thigh)

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3
Q

Main nerve supply to medial compartment of thigh

A

Obturator nerve

Side (accessory obturator nerve)

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4
Q

Main nerve supply to posterior compartment of thigh

A

Tibial part of sciatic nerve

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5
Q

Essential movements for walking

A

Hip extension and knee flexion

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6
Q

Gangrene

A

Occlusion of popliteal artery due to continuous pulsation on tendon of adductor magnus

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7
Q

Thickest nerve

A

Sciatic nerve

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8
Q

Nerve roots of posterior cutenous nerve

A

S1, S2, S3

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9
Q

L4, L5, S1

A

Superior gluteal nerve and nerve to quadratus femoris

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10
Q

L5, S1, S2

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

Nerve to obturator internus

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11
Q

Two Hybrid muscles

A

Adductor magnus and pectinous

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12
Q

Artery supplying sciatic nerve

A

Arteria Nervi Ischiadici

From inferior gluteal artery

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13
Q

Locking of joints

A

From the organization of ligaments and shape of articular surfaces

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14
Q

Hip flexors

A

Iliopsoas muscles

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15
Q

Hip extensors

A

Muscles of gluteal region and partly hamstrings

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16
Q

Knee flexors

A

Hamstrings

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17
Q

Knee extensors

A

Quadriceps femoris

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18
Q

Dorsiflexion and digit extension

A

Anterior compartment of leg

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19
Q

Plantar flexion and digit flexors

A

Posterior compartment of leg

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20
Q

Eversion muscles

A

Lateral/ fibulae comfort of leg

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21
Q

Largest nutrient artery in the body

A

Nutrient artery to tibia from posterior tibial artery

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22
Q

Short lateral rotators

A 
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Obturator externus 
2 gamelli 
Quadratus femoris
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23
Q

Adductors

A

Adductor longus, brevis and magnus
Pectinous
Gracilis

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24
Q

Abductors

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia Lata
+ short lateral rotators

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25
Q

Hip flexors

A

Iliopsoas (major ones)

Rectus femoris and sartorius (minor ones)

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26
Q

Hip extensors

A

Hamstrings

Gluteus Maximus

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27
Q

Antigravity muscles

A

Gluteus Maximus

Rectus femoris

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28
Q

Antibioma

A

A hard swelling containing sterile pus. Caused by giving antibiotics to a pus instead of performing I & D

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29
Q

Arthrodesis

A

Artificial induction of join ossification to relieve pain in a joint

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30
Q

Hallux valgus

A

Lateral deviation of big toe from midline

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31
Q

Hallux varum

A

Medial deviation of big toe from midline

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32
Q

Foot drop

A

Injury to deep peroneal nerve
Paralysis of muscles of anterior compartment of leg
Loss of dorsiflexion and sensation in the first interdigital cleft
Caused by trauma, leprosy or peripheral neuritis

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33
Q

Guy ropes

A

Tibial collateral ligament

Tendons of sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

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34
Q

Muscles that stabilizes pelvis on thigh and leg

A

Guy ropes

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35
Q

Anserine bursitis

A

Inflammation of bursa between guy ropes

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36
Q

Fresher’s syndrome or anterior compartment syndrome

A

Stretching of extensor tendons of anterior compartment leading to pain.

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37
Q

Lateral compartment syndrome

A

Compression of superficial peroneal nerve in the deep fascia at the junction where it becomes superficial

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38
Q

Peripheral heart

A

Soleus

It pushes venous blood upwards

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39
Q

Artery accompanying sciatic nerve

A

Sciatic artery from axial artery of the lower limb

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40
Q

Metatarsalgia

A

Neuralgic pain in the forefoot

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41
Q

Pes planus

A 
Collapse of longitudinal arches or flat foot
Leads to: 
loss of spring
Loss of shock absorbency 
Loss of concavity
42
Q

Pes cavus

A

Exaggerated concavity of longitudinal arches

Due to spina bifida

43
Q

Claw foot

A

Dorsiflexion of metartarsophalangeal joints and plantar flexion of interphalangeal joint
Due to osteomyelitis

44
Q

Talipes equinus

A

Walking on toes

45
Q

Talipes calcaneus

A

Walking on heel

46
Q

Talipes varus

A

Walking on lateral border

Inverted foot

47
Q

Talipes valgus

A

Walking on medial border

Foot is everted

48
Q

Talipes equinovarus

A

Ankle is plantar flexed

Foot is inverted and adducted

49
Q

Talipes calcaneovalgus

A

Ankle is dorsiflexed

Foot is everted

50
Q

Saphenous nerve and artery

A

Posterior division of Femoral nerve

Descending geniculnar branch of femoral

51
Q

Sural nerve and artery

A

From Tibial nerve

From cutenous branch popliteal artery

52
Q

Main nerve supply of Anterior compartment of thigh

A

Femoral nerve

Side( femoral branch on genitofemoral nerve, nerve to pectinous, lateral cutenous nerve of thigh)

53
Q

Main nerve supply to medial compartment of thigh

A

Obturator nerve

Side (accessory obturator nerve)

54
Q

Main nerve supply to posterior compartment of thigh

A

Tibial part of sciatic nerve

55
Q

Essential movements for walking

A

Hip extension and knee flexion

56
Q

Gangrene

A

Occlusion of popliteal artery due to continuous pulsation on tendon of adductor magnus

57
Q

Thickest nerve

A

Sciatic nerve

58
Q

Nerve roots of posterior cutenous nerve

A

S1, S2, S3

59
Q

L4, L5, S1

A

Superior gluteal nerve and nerve to quadratus femoris

60
Q

L5, S1, S2

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

Nerve to obturator internus

61
Q

Two Hybrid muscles

A

Adductor magnus and pectinous

62
Q

Artery supplying sciatic nerve

A

Arteria Nervi Ischiadici

From inferior gluteal artery

63
Q

Locking of joints

A

From the organization of ligaments and shape of articular surfaces

64
Q

Hip flexors

A

Iliopsoas muscles

65
Q

Hip extensors

A

Muscles of gluteal region and partly hamstrings

66
Q

Knee flexors

A

Hamstrings

67
Q

Knee extensors

A

Quadriceps femoris

68
Q

Dorsiflexion and digit extension

A

Anterior compartment of leg

69
Q

Plantar flexion and digit flexors

A

Posterior compartment of leg

70
Q

Eversion muscles

A

Lateral/ fibulae comfort of leg

71
Q

Largest nutrient artery in the body

A

Nutrient artery to tibia from posterior tibial artery

72
Q

Short lateral rotators

A 
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Obturator externus 
2 gamelli 
Quadratus femoris
73
Q

Adductors

A

Adductor longus, brevis and magnus
Pectinous
Gracilis

74
Q

Abductors

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia Lata
+ short lateral rotators

75
Q

Hip flexors

A

Iliopsoas (major ones)

Rectus femoris and sartorius (minor ones)

76
Q

Hip extensors

A

Hamstrings

Gluteus Maximus

77
Q

Antigravity muscles

A

Gluteus Maximus

Rectus femoris

78
Q

Antibioma

A

A hard swelling containing sterile pus. Caused by giving antibiotics to a pus instead of performing I & D

79
Q

Arthrodesis

A

Artificial induction of join ossification to relieve pain in a joint

80
Q

Hallux valgus

A

Lateral deviation of big toe from midline

81
Q

Hallux varum

A

Medial deviation of big toe from midline

82
Q

Foot drop

A

Injury to deep peroneal nerve
Paralysis of muscles of anterior compartment of leg
Loss of dorsiflexion and sensation in the first interdigital cleft
Caused by trauma, leprosy or peripheral neuritis

83
Q

Guy ropes

A

Tibial collateral ligament

Tendons of sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

84
Q

Muscles that stabilizes pelvis on thigh and leg

A

Guy ropes

85
Q

Anserine bursitis

A

Inflammation of bursa between guy ropes

86
Q

Fresher’s syndrome or anterior compartment syndrome

A

Stretching of extensor tendons of anterior compartment leading to pain.

87
Q

Lateral compartment syndrome

A

Compression of superficial peroneal nerve in the deep fascia at the junction where it becomes superficial

88
Q

Peripheral heart

A

Soleus

It pushes venous blood upwards

89
Q

Artery accompanying sciatic nerve

A

Sciatic artery from axial artery of the lower limb

90
Q

Metatarsalgia

A

Neuralgic pain in the forefoot

91
Q

Pes planus

A 
Collapse of longitudinal arches or flat foot
Leads to: 
loss of spring
Loss of shock absorbency 
Loss of concavity
92
Q

Pes cavus

A

Exaggerated concavity of longitudinal arches

Due to spina bifida

93
Q

Claw foot

A

Dorsiflexion of metartarsophalangeal joints and plantar flexion of interphalangeal joint
Due to osteomyelitis

94
Q

Talipes equinus

A

Walking on toes

95
Q

Talipes calcaneus

A

Walking on heel

96
Q

Talipes varus

A

Walking on lateral border

Inverted foot

97
Q

Talipes valgus

A

Walking on medial border

Foot is everted

98
Q

Talipes equinovarus

A

Ankle is plantar flexed

Foot is inverted and adducted

99
Q

Talipes calcaneovalgus

A

Ankle is dorsiflexed

Foot is everted

100
Q

Saphenous nerve and artery

A

Posterior division of Femoral nerve

Descending geniculnar branch of femoral

101
Q

Sural nerve and artery

A

From Tibial nerve

From cutenous branch popliteal artery

Anatomy (8 decks)

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