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MRCS Part A > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

How many compartments in thigh

A

3.
Anterior
Posterior
Medial

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2
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

pectineus
sartorius
quadriceps femoris (vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and the rectus femoris)

In addition to these, the end of the iliopsoas muscle passes into the anterior compartment.

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3
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve L2-4

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4
Q

What is the action of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

extend the leg at the knee joint.

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5
Q

What are the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A 
gracilis
obturator externus
adductor brevis
adductor longus 
adductor magnus.
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6
Q

What nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

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7
Q

What artery supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator artery

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8
Q

What is the action of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Hip adduction

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9
Q

What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

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10
Q

What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Sciatic nerve L4-S3

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11
Q

What is the action of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Flexion of the leg at the knee joint.

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12
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius.

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13
Q

What is the action of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

dorsiflex and invert the foot at the ankle joint.

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14
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)

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15
Q

What artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

anterior tibial artery

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16
Q

What nerve is damaged in footdrop?

A

common fibular (peroneal) nerve – from which the deep fibular nerve arises.

In footdrop, the muscles in the anterior compartment are paralysed. The unopposed pull of the muscles in the posterior leg produce permanent plantarflexion. This can interfere with walking – as the affected limb can drag along the ground. To circumvent this, the patient can flick the foot outwards while walking – known as an ‘eversion flick‘.

17
Q

What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

fibularis longus and brevis

also known as peroneal longus and brevis

18
Q

How many compartments in the leg

A

Anterior
Lateral
Posterior- split into superficial and deep

19
Q

What is the action of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

common function of the muscles is eversion

20
Q

What nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

superficial fibular nerve L4-S1

21
Q

What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

22
Q

What are the muscles in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Gastrocnemius, Plantaris and Soleus

23
Q

What is the action of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Collectively, the muscles in this area plantarflex and invert the foot

24
Q

What are the muscles in the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

popliteus
tibialis posterior
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus

25
Q

Which muscle in the deep posterior compartment acts only on the knee?

A

Popliteus

Laterally rotates the femur on the tibia – ‘unlocking’ the knee joint so that flexion can occur.

26
Q

What is the order of ankle tendons from anterior to posterior as they pass posteriorly to the medial malleolus under the flexor retinaculum in the tarsal tunnel

A 
T: tibialis posterior
D: flexor digitorum longus
A: artery (posterior tibial)
V: vein (posterior tibial)
N: nerve (tibial)
H: flexor hallucis longus
Tom, Dick And Nervous Harry
27
Q

What nerve supplies the cutaneous sensation to the dorsum but not 1st web space of the foot?

A

Superficial Peroneal

28
Q

What nerve supplies the cutaneous sensation to the 1st web space of the foot?

A

Deep Peroneal

29
Q

What nerve supplies the cutaneous sensation to the lateral plantar surface of the foot?

A

Sural nerve

30
Q

What nerve supplies the cutaneous sensation to the most medial plantar surface of the foot?

A

Saphenous

31
Q

What nerve supplies the cutaneous sensation to the mid-lateral plantar surface of the foot to extremities of toes?

A

lateral plantar nerve

32
Q

What nerve supplies the cutaneous sensation to the mid-medial plantar surface of the foot to extremities of toes?

A

medial plantar nerve

33
Q

Nerve roots for ankle reflex?

A

S1/2

MRCS Part A (16 decks)

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