Clasifications

Question 1

Garden classification

Answer 1

Type I- incomplete undisplaced
Type II= undisplaced complete
Type III partially displaced, complete
Type IV= displaced, complete

Question 2

Salter-Harris Classification

Answer 2

Straight  across
Above
Lower or below
Through
ERasure of growth plate aka CRUSH

Question 3

Gustillo-Anderson

Answer 3

Type I
wound ≤1 cm, minimal contamination or muscle damage
Type II
wound 1-10 cm, moderate soft tissue injury
Type IIIA
wound usually >10 cm, high energy, extensive soft-tissue damage, contaminated
adequate tissue for flap coverage
farm injuries are automatically at least Gustillo IIIA
Type IIIB
extensive periosteal stripping, wound requires soft tissue coverage (rotational or free flap)
Type IIIC
vascular injury requiring vascular repair, regardless of degree of soft tissue injury

Question 4

Renal lacerations

Answer 4

grade I
subcapsular haematoma or contusion, without laceration
grade II
superficial laceration ≤1 cm depth not involving the collecting system
grade III
laceration >1 cm not involving the collecting system (no evidence of urine extravasation)
grade IV
laceration involving the collecting system with urinary extravasation
laceration of the renal pelvis and/or complete ureteropelvic disruption
grade V
shattered kidney

Question 5

Spleen lacerations

Answer 5

grade I
subcapsular haematoma <10% of surface area
parenchymal laceration <1 cm depth
capsular tear
grade II
subcapsular haematoma 10-50% of surface area
intraparenchymal haematoma <5 cm
parenchymal laceration 1-3 cm in depth
grade III
subcapsular haematoma >50% of surface area
ruptured subcapsular or intraparenchymal haematoma ≥5 cm
parenchymal laceration >3 cm in depth
grade IV
any injury in the presence of a splenic vascular injury* or active bleeding confined within splenic capsule
parenchymal laceration involving segmental or hilar vessels producing >25% devascularisation
grade V
shattered spleen

Question 6

Liver lacerations

Answer 6

Classification
grade I
haematoma: subcapsular, <10% surface area
laceration: capsular tear, <1 cm parenchymal depth
grade II
haematoma: subcapsular, 10-50% surface area
haematoma: intraparenchymal <10 cm diameter
laceration: capsular tear 1-3 cm parenchymal depth, <10 cm length
grade III
haematoma: subcapsular, >50% surface area of ruptured subcapsular or parenchymal haematoma
haematoma: intraparenchymal >10 cm
laceration: capsular tear >3 cm parenchymal depth
vascular injury with active bleeding contained within liver parenchyma
grade IV
laceration: parenchymal disruption involving 25-75% hepatic lobe or involves 1-3 Couinaud segments
vascular injury with active bleeding breaching the liver parenchyma into the peritoneum
grade V
laceration: parenchymal disruption involving >75% of hepatic lobe
vascular: juxtahepatic venous injuries (retrohepatic vena cava / central major hepatic veins)

Question 7

Weber classification

Answer 7

A - fracture below the level of the syndesmosis- stable- Tx ankle boot
B - fracture at the level of the syndesmosis / level of the tibial plafond- can be unstable (trimalleolar) or stable (unilateral)
C - fracture above the level of the syndesmosis. This includes Maisonneuve fractures (proximal fibula fracture), which can be associated with ankle instability. Beware the high fibula fracture - it may be an ankle fracture!- unstable require fixation

Question 8

Shock table?