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S1 - Morphology > LOWER LIMB > Flashcards

LOWER LIMB Flashcards

1
Q

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Hip: radiology

A
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2
Q

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Knee: radiology

A
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3
Q

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Foot: radiology

A
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4
Q

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Thigh: anterior compartment

A

quadriceps + sartorius + pectineus

Femoral Nerve (L2 - L4)

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5
Q

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Thigh: medial compartment

A

gracilis + adductor longus + adductor brevis + adductor magnus (anterior portion)

Obturator Nerve (L2-L4)

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6
Q

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Thigh: posterior compartment

A

semitendinosus + semimebranosus + adductor magnus (posterior portion) + biceps femoris (long head)

Tibial Nerve (L4-S3)

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7
Q

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Transverse Section: thigh

A
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8
Q

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Leg: anterior compartment

A

Deep Fibular Nerve

(L4-S2)

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9
Q

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Leg: lateral compartment

A

Superficial Fibular Nerve

(L4-S2)

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10
Q

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Leg: posterior compartment

A

Tibial Nerve

(L4-S3)

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11
Q

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Hip: muscles

A
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12
Q

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Foot: dorsal

A
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13
Q

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Foot: plantar

A
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14
Q

NERVE SUPPLY

Lumbossacral Plexus

A

ventral rami of

L2 through S3

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15
Q

NERVE SUPPLY

Terminal Nerves: Lumbossacral Plexus

A
  1. Femoral Nerve
  2. Obturator Nerve
  3. Tibial Nerve
  4. Commom Fibular Nerve
    • superficial fibular nerve
    • deep fibular nerve

Sciatic Nerve = Tibial + Commom Fibular

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16
Q

NERVE SUPPLY

Collateral Nerves: Lumbossacral Plexus

A
  1. Superior Gluteal Nerve
  2. Inferior Gluteal Nerve
  3. Nerve to Superior Gemellus and Obturator Internus
  4. Nerve to Inferior Gemellus and Quadratus Femoris
  5. Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
  6. Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
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17
Q

NERVE SUPPLY

Motor Innervation: Segmental Innervation

A
  • Hip (anterior side) → L2 + L3
  • Knee (anterior side) → L3 + L4
  • Ankle (anterior side/dorsiflexion) → L4 + L5
  • Hip (posterior side) → L4 + L5
  • Knee (posterior side) → L5 + S1
  • Ankle (posterior side/plantar flexion) → S1 + S2
18
Q

NERVE SUPPLY

Sensory Innervation: Upper Leg

(8)

A
  • Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (L2+L3 - posterior divisions)
  • Genitofemoral (L1+L2)
  • Ilioinguinal (L1)
  • Anterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (branch from Femoral Nerve L2+L3+L4)
  • Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (S1+S2 posterior divisions + S2+S3 anterior divisions)
  • Superior Cluneal Nerve (L1+L2+L3 - posterior divisions)
  • Middle Cluneal Nerve (S1+S2+S3 - posterior divisions)
  • Iliohypogastric (L1)
  • Last Thoracic Nerve (T12)
19
Q

NERVE SUPPLY

Sensory Innervation: Lower Leg and Foot

A
  • Superficial Fibular Nerve (S1+S2 - posterior divisions)
  • Deep Fibular Nerve (L4+L5 - posterior divisions)
  • Tibial Nerve (L4 - S3 - anterior divions)
    • Lateral Plantar
    • Medial Plantar
  • Sural Nerve (peroneal + tibial branches)
  • Saphenous Nerve (branch of Femoral Nerve)
20
Q

NERVE SUPPLY

Femoral Nerve

A
  • L2 - L4 → posterior divisions
  • Anterior Compartment of Thigh
  • Flex Hip + Extend Knee
  • Lesion
    • weakness (flex hip and extend knee)
    • sensory loss (anterior thigh, medial leg and foot)
21
Q

NERVE SUPPLY

Obturator Nerve

A
  • L2 - L4 → anterior divisions
  • Medial Compartment of Thigh
  • Adduction + Medial Rotation (thigh)
  • Lesion
    • weakness of motor function
    • sensory loss in medial thigh
22
Q

NERVE SUPPLY

Tibial Nerve

A
  • L4 - S3 → anterior divisions
  • Muscles
    • Thigh
      • posterior compartment
      • flex knee + extend thigh
    • Leg
      • posterior compartment
      • plantar flex foot + inversion
    • Foot
      • plantar muscles
      • flex digits + inversion
  • Lesions
    • weakness → flexion of the knee, plantar flexion and inversion
    • sensory loss → leg (except medial foot) + plantar foot
23
Q

NERVE SUPPLY

Commom Fibular Nerve

A
  • Common Fibular
    • L4 - S2 → posterior divisions
    • short head of biceps femoris → flex knee
    • lesion → fracture of neck of fibula
    • piriformis syndrome
  • Deep Fibular Nerve
    • lateral compartment of leg
    • eversion
    • lesion → foot drop + sensory loss (chinelo)
  • Superficial Fibular Nerve
    • anterior compartment of leg
    • extend digits + dorsiflexion + inversion
    • lesion → lost of inversion + sensory loss
24
Q

NERVE SUPPLY

Superior Gluteal Nerve

A
  • L4 - S1 → posterior divisions
  • Muscles
    • gluteus medius
    • gluteus minimus
    • tensor fasciae latae
  • Stabilize pervis + abduct hip
  • Trendelenburg Gait
25
Q

NERVE SUPPLY

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

A
  • L5 - S2 → posterior divisions
  • Gluteus Maximus
  • Lateral rotation of thigh + extension of hip
  • Lesion → difficulty of rising from a sitting position or climbing stairs
26
Q

NERVE SUPPLY

Collateral Nerves

A
27
Q

VASCULAR SYSTEM

Femoral Artery

A
28
Q

VASCULAR SYSTEM

Popliteal Artery

A
29
Q

VASCULAR SYSTEM

Schematic View - venous system

A
30
Q

VASCULAR SYSTEM

Superficial Veins

A
31
Q

VASCULAR SYSTEM

Deep Veins

A
32
Q

VASCULAR SYSTEM

Lymphatic Drainage

A
33
Q

SPECIAL ANATOMY

Femoral Triangle

A
  • Boundaries
    • sartorius
    • inguinal ligament
    • adductor longus
  • Femoral Sheath (lateral → medial)
    • femoral nerve (outside)
    • femoral artery
    • femoral vein
    • femoral canal (femoral hernias)
    • femoral lymph nodes

“NAVEL”

34
Q

SPECIAL ANATOMY

HIP

A
  • Joint → head of the femur + acetabulum
  • Capsule
    • iliofemoral ligament
    • ischiofemoral ligament
    • pubofemoral ligament
  • Vascular supply
    • medial femoral circunflex artery → most important
    • fracture femoral neck → avascular necrosis (head of the femur)
35
Q

SPECIAL ANATOMY

Knee

A
  • Stability → muscles
    • quadriceps
    • hamstring
  • Hamstring Muscle
    • semitendinosus
    • semimembranosus
    • long head of biceps femoris
  • Pes anserine
    • sartorius
    • gracilis
    • semitendinosus
36
Q

SPECIAL ANATOMY

Knee: collateral ligaments

A
  • Tibial Collateral
    • most frequently torn (lateral trauma)
    • prevents lateral displacement
    • attached to medial meniscus
  • Fibular Collateral
    • not attached to meniscus
    • prevents medial displacement
37
Q

SPECIAL ANATOMY

Knee: cruciate ligaments

A
  • Anterior Cruciate (ACL)
    • anterior tibia + lateral condyle of the femur
    • prevents anterior displacement
    • weaker than posterior cruciate
    • tension increases with hyperextension
    • anterior drawer sign (leg pulled foward)
  • Posterior Cruciate (PCL)
    • posterior tibia + medial condyle of the femur
    • prevents posterior displacement
    • tension increases with hyperflexion
    • posterior drawer sing (leg pulled posteriorly)
38
Q

SPECIAL ANATOMY

Knee: menisci

A
  • Medial Meniscus
    • c-shaped
    • firmly attached to tibial collateral ligament
    • less mobile
    • more frequently injured
    • medial meniscus tear → pain + medially rotated leg at the knee
  • Lateral Meniscus
    • circular
    • more mobile
39
Q

SPECIAL ANATOMY

Knee: terrible + unhappy triad

A

tibial collateral ligament

+

ACL

+

medial meniscus

40
Q

SPECIAL ANATOMY

Ankle

A
  • Lateral (collateral) Ligament
    • posterior talofibular
    • calcaneofibular
    • anterior talofibular → frequently damaged
    • prevents inversion → inversion sprains are most commom
  • Medial (delthoid) Ligament
    • posterior tibiotalar part
    • anterior tibiotalar part
    • tibionavicular part
    • tibiocalcaneal part

S1 - Morphology (10 decks)

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