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S1 - Morphology > EARLY EMBRIOLOGY > Flashcards

EARLY EMBRIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

GERM LAYER DERIVATES

ECTODERM

(surface)

A
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2
Q

GERM LAYER DERIVATES

ECTODERM

(neural tube)

A
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3
Q

GERM LAYER DERIVATES

ECTODERM

(neural crest)

A
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4
Q

GERM LAYER DERIVATES

MESODERM

A
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5
Q

GERM LAYER DERIVATES

ENDODERM

(epithelial)

A
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6
Q

GERM LAYER DERIVATES

ENDODERM

(parenchyma)

A
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7
Q

GERM LAYER DERIVATES

YOLK SAC

A

Primordial germ cells

+

early blood and blood vessels

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8
Q

WEEK 1

Day 1: fertilization

A
  • spermatozoa undergoes 2 changes in female genital tract
  • occurs in ampulla of uterine tube
  • secondary oocyte rapidly completes meiosis II
  • cortical reaction → preventing polyspermy
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9
Q

WEEK 1

What are the 2 changes that spermatozoa undergoes to make fertilization possible?

A

Capacitation

removal of proteins from plasma membrane of the acrossome of the spermatozoa

(7 hours in the female genital tract)

Hydrolytic enzymes

released by acrossome in order to penetrate the zona pellucida

(cortical reaction)

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10
Q

WEEK 1

First 4-5 days of week 1

A

Clivage

(several mitosis)

→

Blastula

→

Morula

(32-cell stage)

→

Blastocyst

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11
Q

WEEK 1

What are the components of blastocyst?

A

Embryoblast

(inner cell mass)

+

Fluid

+

Trophoblast

(outer cell mass)

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12
Q

WEEK 1

What is the structure derivated from trophoblast?

What are the 2 components of trophoblast?

A
  1. Placenta
  2. Citytrophoblast + Syncytiotrophoblast
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13
Q

WEEK 1

The end of first week: implantation

A
  • degeneration of the zona pellucida
  • embryonic pole first
  • functional layer of the endometrium (progestional phase of the menstrual cycle)
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14
Q

WEEK 1

Clinical correlation: ectopic pregancy

A
  • tubal (ampulla): most commom form (delayed transport)
  • risk factors: endometriosis + pelvic inflammatory disease + tubular pelvic surgery + exposure to diethylestilbestrol (DES)
  • clinical signs: sudden pain + missed menstrual period + uterine bleeding (brisk)
  • diagnosis: human chorionic gonadotrophin test + sonogram
  • abdominal: rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)
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15
Q

WEEK 2

Bilaminar Embryonic Disk

A

Embryoblast

→

epiblast (amniotic cavity)

+

hypoblast (primary yolk sac)

obs: prechordal plate → fusion of epiblast e hypoblast cells (future mouth)

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16
Q

WEEK 2

Extraembryonic mesoderm

A

derivated from the epiblast

→

somatic

(covers the amnion + connecting stalk)

+

visceral

(covers the yolk sac)

17
Q

WEEK 2

Chorionic cavity

A

chorion (wall of the cavity)

=

extraembryonic somatic mesoderm

+

cytotrophoblast

+

syncytiotrophoblast

(no mitoses + connection to endometrial vessels)

18
Q

WEEK 2

Hematopoiesis

A

up to week 6 → mesoderm of yolk sac

week 6 to third trimester → liver + spleen + thymus + bone marrow

19
Q

WEEK 2

Clinical correlate: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and abnormal levels

A
  • glicoprotein produced by syncytiotrophoblast
  • stimulates progesteron production (corpus luteum)
  • maternal blood and urine → early pregnancy test

low levels → ectopic pregnancy + spontaneus abortion

high levels → multiple pregnancy + hydatidiform mole + gestacional trophoblastic disease

20
Q

WEEKS 3-8

Embryonic Period

A

All major organ systems begin to develop

+

Week 3 → first missed menstrual period

+

Gastrulation

21
Q

WEEKS 3-8

Gastrulation

A

Ectoderm

(neuroectoderm + neural crest cells)

Mesoderm

(paraxial - 35 pairs of somites + intermediate + lateral)

Endoderm

Obs: primitive streak formation

22
Q

WEEKS 3-8

Clinical correlate: sacrococcygeal teratoma

A

remnants of primitive streak

+

contains various types of tissues

​(bone, hair, teeth, nerve)

23
Q

WEEKS 3-8

Clinical correlate: chordoma

A

remnants of notochorda

+

intracranially or in the sacral region

24
Q

WEEKS 3-8

Clinical correlate: hydatidiform mole

A
  • complete/partial replacement of trophoblast to dilated villi
  • high levels of hCG
  • 20% develop into a malignant trophoblastic disease (including choriocarcinoma)

complete mole: paternal chromossomes only → sperm fertilizies a blighted ovum and reduplicates (46, XX)

partial mole: dispermia (69, XXY)

S1 - Morphology (10 decks)

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