Lower Limb Flashcards
What are the three signs of arthritis?
Sclerosis, osteophytes, narrow joint
What are the three types of hip fracture?
Intertrochanteric, femoral neck, subtrochanteric
If the hip is displaced, what will happen to the lower limb?
It will be shortened and laterally rotated
How much of the growth of the lower limb occurs at the knee?
60-70%
What are the 5 P’s of compartment syndrome?
Pulselessness, pale/paler, pain, paresthesia, paralysis
What can hypereversion result in?
Bi/tri malleolar fracture with dislocation
A disk herniation at the L5-S1 level affects which muscles?
Posterior compartment of crus
Which muscle is tested to see if there is a disk herniation at the L4-L5 level?
Extensor hallucis longus
What is a Liz franc injury?
Separation of the transverse tarsal joint
What is a Jones’ fracture?
Evulsion fracture of the fibularis brevis (tears off piece of 5th metatarsal)
A march fracture (stress fracture) affects which bone?
2nd metatarsal at the distal end
How is a bunyon fixed?
Adductor is released and the abductors are tightened
What is hammer toe?
Extension of the MTP joint and flexion of the PIP joint
Which ligament in the ankle is most often torn in a sprain?
Anterior talofibular ligament
Which three ligaments make up the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle?
Anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular
What are the three grades of angle sprains?
Grade 1: mild strain
Grade 2: partial tear of ligament (some stability but painful)
Grade 3: complete tear of ligament
What are the three intrinsic ligaments of the foot? (That we need to know)
Plantar calcaneonavicular Ligament (spring ligament), long plantar ligament, plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (short plantar ligament)
What is found in the second layer of intrinsic foot muscles?
Flexor digitorum longus tendon, flexor hallucis longus tendon
What artery gives rise to the deep plantar arch, medially?
Dorsalis pedis artery
What is found between the 1st and 2nd layers of the foot?
Superficial branches of the lateral/medial plantar nerve and artery
What is found between the 3rd and 4th layers of the foot?
Deep branch of the lateral/medial nerve, deep plantar arch
