Lower Limb 3 and 4

Question 1

The musculature of the leg is divided into three compartments:

Answer 1

Anterior, lateral and posterior

Question 2

What are the four muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 2

1. Tibialis anterior
2. Extensor digitorum longus
3. Extensor halluces longus
4. FIbularis tertius

Question 3

What are the two division of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 3

Common fibular nerve and the tibial nerve

Question 4

What nerve innervates the anterior leg compartment?

Answer 4

Deep fibular nerve

Question 5

What does the popliteal artery branch into?

Answer 5

Anteiror tibial and tibioperoneal trunk

Question 6

What artery gives rise to the dorsals pedis artery?

Answer 6

Anterior tibial

Question 7

What artery supplies the anterior leg compartment?

Answer 7

Anterior tibial

Question 8

Where does the dorsalis pedis artery run in the foot?

Answer 8

Between the malleoli

Question 9

What muscles are contained in the lateral leg?

Answer 9

Fibularis longus and brevis

Question 10

What are the function of the muscles in the lateral leg compartment?

Answer 10

Plantarflex the foot and weakly evert the ankle joint

Question 11

What innervates the lateral leg compartment?

Answer 11

Superficial fibular nerve

Question 12

What is characteristic of common fibular nerve damage?

Answer 12

Foot drop

Question 13

What type of joint is the ankle?

Answer 13

Synovial hinge

Question 14

What structures are involved which form the malleolar mortise (deep socket) ?

Answer 14

Transverse part of the tibia-fibular ligament and the lower end of the tibia and fibula

Question 15

What are the articular surfaces of the ankle joint?

Answer 15

Distal ends of the tibia and fibula as well as the talus bone

Question 16

During what movements is the malleoli grip of the talus bone the strongest/weakest?

Answer 16

Dorsiflexion = strongest grip 
Plantarflexion = weakest

Question 17

What is the weakest ligament of the ankle joint?

Answer 17

Calcenofibular ligament

Question 18

What is the other name for the deltoid ligament?

Answer 18

Talocrural ligament

Question 19

What muscles facilitate dorsiflexion of the ankle?

Answer 19

Anterior compartment:

1. Tibilais anterior
2. Extensor hallucis longus
3. Extensor digitorum

Question 20

What muscles facilitate plantar flexion of the ankle?

Answer 20

Posterior compartment:

1. Tibialis posterior
2. Gastrocnemius
3. Plantaris

Question 21

What types of joints are the tibia-fibular joints?

Answer 21

Proximal joint - planar synovial

Distal joint - syndesmosis

Question 22

What is the popliteal fossa?

Answer 22

Fat filled, diamond shaped space posterior to the knee

Question 23

The contents of the popliteal fossa are what?

Answer 23

Pop. lymph nodes 
Pop. artery 
Pop. vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve
Fat

Question 24

What is the largest of the compartments of the leg?

Answer 24

Posterior

Question 25

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg are further divided into what groups?

Answer 25

Superficial and deep

Question 26

What muscles are present in the superficial section of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 26

Mainly gastrocnemius, also plantaris

Question 27

What is the innervation of the gastrocnemius?

Answer 27

Tibial nerve

Question 28

What is the function of the plantaris?

Answer 28

Attaches to the calcaneal tendon and is essential for platnarflexion

Question 29

What branches of the popliteal artery supply the knee?

Answer 29

Genicular branches

Question 30

How does the popliteal artery leave the popliteal fossa?

Answer 30

Between the gastrocnemius and the popliteus

Question 31

Where does the popliteal artery terminate?

Answer 31

At the lower border of the popliteus - continues as the anterior tibial artery and the tibioperoneal trunk

Question 32

What is the fate of the tibioperoneal trunk?

Answer 32

Bifurcates into the posterior tibial and fibular arteries

Question 33

What is the course of the post. tibial artery?

Answer 33

Continues inferiorly and superficially, enters these of the foot via the tarsal tunnel with the tibial nerve

Question 34

What is the course of the fibular artery?

Answer 34

Descends posteriorly giving rise to perforating arteries which supply the lateral muscles

Question 35

What are the deep muscles of the posterior leg compartment?

Answer 35

Popliteus Tibialis posterior Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus

Question 36

How do the deep muslces of the post. compartment of the leg enter the foot?

Answer 36

Pass medially to enter the foot though the 'door to the foot', posterior to the medial malleolus

Question 37

Name the tarsal bones

Answer 37

Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms

Question 38

What axis does the sub-talar joint form and therefore what movement does it allow for?

Answer 38

Oblique axis; eversion/inversion

Question 39

What muscles allow lateral movement of the foot?

Answer 39

Lateral compartment and tibialis anterior

Question 40

How many layers to the foot musculature are there?

Answer 40

Four

Question 41

What is the contents of the first layer (most superficial)?

Answer 41

Abductor hallucis and abductor digits minimi and flexor digitorum brevis

Question 42

What is the contents of the second layer?

Answer 42

Tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and the lumbricals

Question 43

What is the contents of the third layer?

Answer 43

Flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 44

What is the contents of the fourth layer?

Answer 44

Interossei

Question 45

Where does the axis of the foot run and what inplications does this have on the interossei muscles?

Answer 45

Second digit - two abductors and no adductors

Question 46

What is the function fo the foot arches?

Answer 46

To distribute weight and act as shock absorbers

Question 47

Name the arches of the foot

Answer 47

Medial longitudinal (main), lateral longitudinal, anterior transverse

Question 48

What ligament is particularly important in maintaining the foot arches?

Answer 48

Calcaneonavicular 'Spring' ligament

Question 49

The integrity of the arches is maintained by both passive and dynamic factors; what are they?

Answer 49

Passive 1. Shape of the bones 2. Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament 3. Long plantar ligament 4. Short plantar ligament Dynamic 1. Intrinsic muscles of the foot 2. Long flexor tendon 3. Tendon of the tibialis anterior and fibularis longus