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Year Three Anatomy > Lower Limb 3 and 4 > Flashcards

Lower Limb 3 and 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The musculature of the leg is divided into three compartments:

A

Anterior, lateral and posterior

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2
Q

What are the four muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Tibialis anterior
  2. Extensor digitorum longus
  3. Extensor halluces longus
  4. FIbularis tertius
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3
Q

What are the two division of the sciatic nerve?

A

Common fibular nerve and the tibial nerve

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4
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior leg compartment?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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5
Q

What does the popliteal artery branch into?

A

Anteiror tibial and tibioperoneal trunk

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6
Q

What artery gives rise to the dorsals pedis artery?

A

Anterior tibial

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7
Q

What artery supplies the anterior leg compartment?

A

Anterior tibial

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8
Q

Where does the dorsalis pedis artery run in the foot?

A

Between the malleoli

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9
Q

What muscles are contained in the lateral leg?

A

Fibularis longus and brevis

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10
Q

What are the function of the muscles in the lateral leg compartment?

A

Plantarflex the foot and weakly evert the ankle joint

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11
Q

What innervates the lateral leg compartment?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

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12
Q

What is characteristic of common fibular nerve damage?

A

Foot drop

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13
Q

What type of joint is the ankle?

A

Synovial hinge

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14
Q

What structures are involved which form the malleolar mortise (deep socket) ?

A

Transverse part of the tibia-fibular ligament and the lower end of the tibia and fibula

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15
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the ankle joint?

A

Distal ends of the tibia and fibula as well as the talus bone

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16
Q

During what movements is the malleoli grip of the talus bone the strongest/weakest?

A 
Dorsiflexion = strongest grip 
Plantarflexion = weakest
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17
Q

What is the weakest ligament of the ankle joint?

A

Calcenofibular ligament

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18
Q

What is the other name for the deltoid ligament?

A

Talocrural ligament

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19
Q

What muscles facilitate dorsiflexion of the ankle?

A

Anterior compartment:

  1. Tibilais anterior
  2. Extensor hallucis longus
  3. Extensor digitorum
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20
Q

What muscles facilitate plantar flexion of the ankle?

A

Posterior compartment:

  1. Tibialis posterior
  2. Gastrocnemius
  3. Plantaris
21
Q

What types of joints are the tibia-fibular joints?

A

Proximal joint - planar synovial

Distal joint - syndesmosis

22
Q

What is the popliteal fossa?

A

Fat filled, diamond shaped space posterior to the knee

23
Q

The contents of the popliteal fossa are what?

A 
Pop. lymph nodes 
Pop. artery 
Pop. vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve
Fat
24
Q

What is the largest of the compartments of the leg?

A

Posterior

25
Q

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg are further divided into what groups?

A

Superficial and deep

26
Q

What muscles are present in the superficial section of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Mainly gastrocnemius, also plantaris

27
Q

What is the innervation of the gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve

28
Q

What is the function of the plantaris?

A

Attaches to the calcaneal tendon and is essential for platnarflexion

29
Q

What branches of the popliteal artery supply the knee?

A

Genicular branches

30
Q

How does the popliteal artery leave the popliteal fossa?

A

Between the gastrocnemius and the popliteus

31
Q

Where does the popliteal artery terminate?

A

At the lower border of the popliteus - continues as the anterior tibial artery and the tibioperoneal trunk

32
Q

What is the fate of the tibioperoneal trunk?

A

Bifurcates into the posterior tibial and fibular arteries

33
Q

What is the course of the post. tibial artery?

A

Continues inferiorly and superficially, enters these of the foot via the tarsal tunnel with the tibial nerve

34
Q

What is the course of the fibular artery?

A

Descends posteriorly giving rise to perforating arteries which supply the lateral muscles

35
Q

What are the deep muscles of the posterior leg compartment?

A

Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus

36
Q

How do the deep muslces of the post. compartment of the leg enter the foot?

A

Pass medially to enter the foot though the ‘door to the foot’, posterior to the medial malleolus

37
Q

Name the tarsal bones

A

Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms

38
Q

What axis does the sub-talar joint form and therefore what movement does it allow for?

A

Oblique axis; eversion/inversion

39
Q

What muscles allow lateral movement of the foot?

A

Lateral compartment and tibialis anterior

40
Q

How many layers to the foot musculature are there?

A

Four

41
Q

What is the contents of the first layer (most superficial)?

A

Abductor hallucis and abductor digits minimi and flexor digitorum brevis

42
Q

What is the contents of the second layer?

A

Tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and the lumbricals

43
Q

What is the contents of the third layer?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis

44
Q

What is the contents of the fourth layer?

A

Interossei

45
Q

Where does the axis of the foot run and what inplications does this have on the interossei muscles?

A

Second digit - two abductors and no adductors

46
Q

What is the function fo the foot arches?

A

To distribute weight and act as shock absorbers

47
Q

Name the arches of the foot

A

Medial longitudinal (main), lateral longitudinal, anterior transverse

48
Q

What ligament is particularly important in maintaining the foot arches?

A

Calcaneonavicular ‘Spring’ ligament

49
Q

The integrity of the arches is maintained by both passive and dynamic factors; what are they?

A

Passive

  1. Shape of the bones
  2. Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
  3. Long plantar ligament
  4. Short plantar ligament

Dynamic

  1. Intrinsic muscles of the foot
  2. Long flexor tendon
  3. Tendon of the tibialis anterior and fibularis longus

Year Three Anatomy (5 decks)

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