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Anatomy year 2 > Lower Limb 2 - Gross Anatomy > Flashcards

Lower Limb 2 - Gross Anatomy Flashcards

Nerves of lower limb Arteries of lower limb Veins and lymphatics of lower limb

1
Q

What forms the lumbar plexus?

A

Anterior rami of spinal nerves L1 - L4

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2
Q

What 3 large nerves arise from the lumbar plexus?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, femoral nerve and obturator nerve

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3
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

Anterior thigh muscles (also sensory fibres over anterior thigh, anteromedial leg and ankle)

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4
Q

What does the femoral nerve pass deep to?

A

Inguinal ligament

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5
Q

What does the lateral cutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Lateral thigh (sensory fibres)

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6
Q

What does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

Medial thigh muscles (also sensory fibres to medial thigh)

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7
Q

What does the obturator nerve pass through?

A

Pierces obturator membrane to pass through obturator foramen

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8
Q

Spinal roots of femoral nerve?

A

L2, 3 and 4

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9
Q

Spinal roots of obturator nerve?

A

L2, 3 and 4

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10
Q

Spinal roots of lateral cutaneous nerve?

A

L1 and 2

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11
Q

What forms the sacral plexus?

A

Inferior portion of lumbar plexus (lumbosacral trunk) continues to pelvis and joins anterior rami of sacral nerves —> forms sacral plexus
L4 to S4

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12
Q

What does the sacral plexus innervate in general?

A
  1. muscles forming walls + floors of pelvic cavity
  2. muscles of gluteal region
  3. muscles of perineum
  4. muscles of post. thigh (hamstrings)
  5. all muscles of leg and foot
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13
Q

What is the largest nerve in the human body?

A

Sciatic nerve

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14
Q

Spinal roots of sciatic nerve?

A

L4 to S3

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15
Q

What 2 nerves form the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve

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16
Q

What does the tibial nerve innervate?

A

Muscles of posterior thigh, posterior leg, and foot

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17
Q

What does the common fibular/peroneal nerve innervate ?

A

Innervates lateral and anterior compartments of leg

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18
Q

What 2 other major nerves arise from the sacral plexus?

A

Superior and inferior gluteal nerves

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19
Q

What does the superior gluteal innervate?

A

2 of 3 gluteal muscles and tensor fasciae latae

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20
Q

What does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

Gluteus maximus muscle - motor and sensory

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21
Q

Where do arteries of the lower limb arise from?

A

the pelvis

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22
Q

What does the common iliac artery split into?

A

external and internal iliac arteries

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23
Q

Where does the obturator artery arise from?

A

internal iliac artery

24
Q

What does the obturator artery supply?

A

medial compartment of thigh

25
Q

Where does the femoral artery arise from?

A

direct continuation of external iliac artery

26
Q

What does the femoral artery pass underneath?

A

the inguinal ligament

27
Q

What does the femoral artery have branches to?

A

numerous branches to perineum, hip, thigh, and knee

28
Q

Where does the deep femoral artery arise from and what does it supply?

A

femoral artery, supplies hip and thigh

29
Q

What does the femoral artery pass through in the distal thigh?

A

adductor hiatus of adductor magnus muscle

30
Q

What does the femoral artery become when it passes the posterior aspect of the knee?

A

popliteal artery

31
Q

When does the popliteal artery divide?

A

just inferior to the knee

32
Q

What does the popliteal artery divide into?

A

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

33
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery also give rise to?

A

small fibular artery

34
Q

Where does the fibular artery course?

A

in lateral compartment of the leg

35
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery form in the foot?

A

anastomosis around the ankle joint

36
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery continue as on the dorsum of the foot?

A

dorsalis pedis artery

37
Q

What forms the major blood supply to the muscles of the sole of the foot?

A

posterior tibial artery

38
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery pass inferior to when it courses to the foot?

A

inferior to medial malleolus

39
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery divide into at the foot?

A

medial and lateral plantar arteries

40
Q

What does the medial plantar artery divide into?

A

superficial and deep branches

41
Q

What does the lateral plantar form?

A

a deep plantar arch and anastomoses with arteries on the dorsum of the foot

42
Q

The lower limb is drained by a set of…?

A

deep and superficial veins

43
Q

What do the veins of the lower limb contain?

A

valves - they help (largely by action of adjacent muscle contraction) to return venous blood to the heart against gravity

44
Q

What are the major veins of the deep set of veins? (think arteries)

A
  • posterior tibial
  • anterior tibial
  • fibular
  • popliteal
  • femoral
  • parallel the arteries*
45
Q

What does the posterior tibial vein drain?

A

sole of the foot and medial ankle, superiorly up leg, paralleling posterior tibial artery in posterior compartment of the leg

46
Q

What is the course of the anterior tibial vein?

A

begins as dorsalis pedis vein on the dorsum of the foot and parallels the anterior tibial artery in the anterior compartment of the leg

47
Q

What is the course of the fibular vein?

A

small vein that parallels the artery of the same name in the lateral compartment of the leg and drains into the posterior tibial vein

48
Q

What is the course of the popliteal vein?

A

lies behind the knee and is formed by the anterior and posterior tibial veins

49
Q

What is the course of the femoral vein?

A

popliteal vein becomes femoral vein in the distal thigh and then the femoral vein drains deep to the inguinal ligament to become the external iliac vein in the pelvis

50
Q

How are the superficial veins of the lower limb connected to the deep set of veins?

A

communicating veins

51
Q

What are major veins of the superficial set of veins?

A

dorsal venous arch, small saphenous, great saphenous

52
Q

What does the dorsal venous arch drain blood from?

A

drains blood from the foot into the small and large saphenous veins at the lateral and medial aspects of the ankle, respectively

53
Q

What is the course of the small saphenous vein?

A

courses superiorly in the subcutaneous tissue of the calf and then dives deeply to drain into the popliteal vein behind the knee

54
Q

What is the course of the great saphenous vein?

A

courses superiorly from the medial side of the ankle to run up the medial leg and thigh, draining into the femoral vein just inferior to the inguinal ligament

55
Q

What is the great saphenous vein analogous with in the upper limb?

A

the cephalic vein

56
Q

What is the small saphenous vein analogous with in the upper limb?

A

basilic vein of the upper limb

Anatomy year 2 (4 decks)

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