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M - Y2 Anatomy (Megan) > Lower Limb 2 > Flashcards

Lower Limb 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which bone forms the medial malleolus?

A

The tibia.

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2
Q

Which bone forms the lateral malleolus?

A

The fibula.

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3
Q

What is the action of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Dorsiflexion of the foot.

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4
Q

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

A

Synovial plane joint.

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5
Q

What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?

A

Fibrous joint.

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6
Q

What holds the tibia and fibula together?

A

Interosseus membrane.

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7
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallicus longus
Fibularis tertius.

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8
Q

What are the 4 main movements of the ankle?

A

Dorsiflexion
plantarflexion
inversion
eversion

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9
Q

What is the strongest dorsiflexor of the ankle?

A

Tibialis anterior

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10
Q

What are the two divisions of the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

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11
Q

What are the two divisions of the popliteal artery?

A

Anterior tibial artery

Posterior tibial artery

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12
Q

What is the division of the common fibular nerve? where does the division occur?

A

The deep fibular nerve.
The superficial fibular nerve.
Lateral side of head of fibula.

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13
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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14
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

The superficial fibular nerve.

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15
Q

Which artery runs with the deep fibular nerve?

A

Anterior tibial artery.

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16
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment?

A

Fibularis longus, Fibularis brevis.

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17
Q

What is the action of the lateral compartment?

A

Eversion

assist with plantar flexion (but weak compared to posterior compartment).

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18
Q

What is the blood supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Perforating arteries from arteries nearby (doesn’t have its own unique supply).

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19
Q

Which nerve is damaged in foot drop?

A

The common fibular nerve.

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20
Q

Which side of the leg does the lesser saphenous vein descend on?

A

posterior aspect of the leg

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21
Q

Which side of the leg does the greater saphenous vein descend on?

A

the medial side.

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22
Q

Which artery does the dorsals pedis arise from?

A

The anterior tibial artery.

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23
Q

Where is the dorsalis pedis palpated?

A

In between the 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones.

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24
Q

Where is the popliteal pulse located?

A

Posterior to the medial malleolus.

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25
Q

What is the nerve supply of the dorsal of the foot?

A

Deep fibular nerve (carries on from anterior compartment).

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26
Q

What are the muscles on the dorsal side of the foot?

A

extensor digitorum brevis
extensor hallicus brevis
extensor digiti minimi
dorsal Interosseus

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27
Q

Where do the tendons of extensor hallicus brevis and extensor digitorum brevis insert to?

A

The tendons of the longus muscles (extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallicus longus).

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28
Q

Which ligaments hold the distal tibia and fibular together?

A

The anterior tibiofibular ligament

posterior tibiofibular ligament,

29
Q

Which bones create the ankle joint?

A

Tibia
fibula
talus

30
Q

When do the malleoli grip the talus tightest?

A

Dorsiflexion.

the ankle is more free to movement on plantar flexion.

31
Q

What are the main bones of the foot?

A 
Talus
calcaneus
navicular 
cuboid 
cuneiform 1st, 2nd, 3rd.
32
Q

What are the names of the ankle ligaments?

A

Medial:
Deltoid

Lateral:
posterior talofibular
anterior talofibular
calcaneofibular

33
Q

Which ligaments of the ankle are weakest?

A

The lateral ligament

34
Q

What are the lateral ligaments?

A

anterior talofibular
posterior talofibular
calcaneofibular

35
Q

Which movement of the foot causes most ligament sprains?

A

Inversion - stresses the lateral ligament.

36
Q

What is the function of tibialis anterior?

A

Dorsiflexion

Inversion

37
Q

What is the function of extensor hallicus longus?

A

Dorsiflex the foot
extend the big toe

extensor hallicus brevis just extends the toe

38
Q

What is the function of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Dorsiflex the foot
extend the 2nd-5th toes.

extensor digitorum brevis just extends the toes.

39
Q

Which muscles invert the foot?

A

tibialis anterior

tibialis posterior

40
Q

Which muscles evert the foot?

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis.

41
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

The tibial nerve

42
Q

What is the blood supply to the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

The posterior tibial artery

43
Q

What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?

A

Superior medial - semitendinosus
superior lateral - biceps femoris
inferior - lateral and medial head of gastrocnemius.

44
Q

What is the position of the popliteal artery and vein?

A

the popliteal artery lies medial to the popliteal vein.

45
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A 
fat
popliteal artery
popliteal vein
common fibular nerve
tibial nerve 
popliteal lymph nodes
46
Q

What is the function of plantaris muscle?

A

Knee flexion

foot plantar flexion

47
Q

Which muscles Create the Achilles Tendon?

A

Gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

48
Q

Where does the Achilles Tendon insert?

A

The posterior aspect of the calcaneus bone.

49
Q

Which muscles are in the posterior compartment?

A

superficial: gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

deep:
popliteus
flexor hallicus longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior
50
Q

Which muscles enter the foot posterior to the lateral malleolus?

A

flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallicus longus
tibialis posterior

51
Q

What structures pass through the tarsal tunnel?

A

Tom dick and very nervous harry.

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
posterior tibial artery
posterior tibial vein
tibial nerve 
flexor hallicus longus
52
Q

Which muscle creates an arch for the popliteus vessels and tibial nerve to run through?

A

The tibial and fibular head of soleus.

53
Q

What is the other name of the Achilles Tendon?

A

Calcaneal tendon.

54
Q

What is the function of the popliteus muscle?

A

It initiates flexion of the knee.

55
Q

Which joints of the foot allow for inversion and eversion?

A 
The subtler joints
talonavicular joint (balla and socket)
talocalcaneal joint
56
Q

What are the arches of the foot?

A

the spring ligament - plantar calcaneonavicular ligament.

short plantar ligament
long plantar ligament
plantar aponeurosis.

57
Q

What is the 1st layer of the plantar foot?

A

abductor hallicus
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digitorum brevis

58
Q

What is the 2nd layer of the plantar foot?

A 
flexor digitorum longus tendon
flexor hallicus longus tendon
flexor digitorum accessoris 
medial plantar nerve and artery
lateral plantar nerve and artery
59
Q

Which nerve innervates the plantar foot muscles?

A

two branches of the tibial nerve:
medial plantar nerve
lateral plantar nerve

60
Q

Which arteries innervates the plantar foot?

A

Branches of posterior tibial artery:
medial plantar artery
lateral plantar artery

61
Q

what structures hold the muscles of the foot in place on the dorsal side?

A

Superior extensor retinaculum and inferior extensor retinaculum.

62
Q

where does the tendon of tibialis anterior inset?

A

It goes medial to the medial cuneiform. it is the most medial of the extensor tendons.

63
Q

what is the function of Fibularis tertius?

A

Dorsiflexion

+ complements the lateral compartment to evert the foot.

64
Q

What muscles are on the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

extensor hallicus brevis.

65
Q

What is the dorsalis pedis artery?

A

an extension of the anterior tibial artery. runs with the deep tibial nerve.

66
Q

What 4 bones makes up the transverse tarsal joint?

A

Talonavicular.
calcaneocuboidal.

+ subtler joint
^these joints allow for inversion and eversion.

67
Q

What is the action of the gastrocnemius?

A

On its own - flexion of the knee joint

with the soleus and plantaris - plantar flexion of the foot.

68
Q

what is the plantaris?

A

A muscle deep to the soleus and gastrocnemius - its ascent in 10-15% of people.

69
Q

Popliteus?

A

1st 15 degrees of flexion at the knee, unlocks the joint.

M - Y2 Anatomy (Megan) (6 decks)

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