Lower Limb Flashcards
muscles in superficial gluteal region
Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus
Main function of gluteus max, medius and min
Max = powerful extensor of hip
Medius and min = abduct and medial rotate thigh at hip joint
Innervation of glut max, medius and min
Max = Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
Medius and min = Superior gluteal nerve (L4 - S1)
Blood supply to glut max, medius and min
superior and inferior gluteal arteries
Function, Innervation and blood supply of tensor fascia lata
flexion, medial rotation and abduction of hip, stabilisation of knee via iliotibial band
innervated by superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
blood supply is superior gluteal artery
deep muscle layer of gluteal region muscles
piriformis, superior and inferior gemelli, obturator internus, obturator femoris
deep muscle layer of gluteal region muscles
piriformis, superior and inferior gemelli, obturator internus, obturator femoris
deep muscle layer of gluteal region muscles
piriformis, superior and inferior gemelli, obturator internus, obturator femoris
main function of deep muscles of gluteal region
laterally rotate thigh and abducts flexed thigh
innervation of deep muscles of gluteal region
piriformis = anterior ramus of S1,S2
Superior and inferior gameli, obturator femoris = nerve to quadratus femoris
obturator internus = nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1,S2)
Blood supply to deep muscle layer of gluteal region
superior and inferior gluteal arteries
damage to superior gluteal nerve
Positive Trendelenburg sign, gluteal muscle weakness
muscles in anterior compartment of thigh
iliopsoas (psoas major, iliacus), Sartorius, quadriceps femoris, pectineus
main actions of the anterior compartment of the thigh and what muscles do what
flex thigh = pectineus, iliopsoas, sartorius
extend leg = quadriceps femoris
innervation of anterior compartment of the thigh
Femoral nerve (L2,L3,L4) except psoas major which is L1,L2,L3
Blood supply to anterior compartment of the leg
femoral artery
damage to femoral nerve
wont get knee jerk, no contraction of the quadriceps femoris
muscles in medial compartment of the thigh (the hip adductors)
adductor magnus/longus/brevis, obturator externus, Gracialis
function of the hip adductor muscle
adduct the hip and lateral rotation
innervation of medial compartment of thigh (hip adductors)
All obturator nerve (L2-L4) except hamstring part of adductor magnus which is tibial nerve (L4-S3)
Blood supply to medial compartment of the thigh (hip adductors)
femoral and obturator arteries
muscles of posterior compartment of thigh (extensors of thigh and flexors of leg)
semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
function of posterior compartment of the thigh
extend thigh and flex leg
Innervation of posterior compartment of thigh
tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2) except short head of biceps femoris which is common fibular division of sciatic nerve
blood supply to posterior compartment of thigh
inferior gluteal and profunda femoris arteries
muscles in superficial group of posterior leg
Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
main function of superficial group of posterior leg
plantarflexors of ankle
innervation of superficial group of posterior leg
tibial nerve (S1,S2)
blood supply to superficial group of posterior leg
posterior tibial artery
muscles in deep group of posterior leg
popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
main function of deep group of posterior leg
flex toes and plantarflexing ankle
innervation of deep group of posterior leg
tibial nerve (L4-S3)
Blood supply to deep group of posterior leg
posterior tibial artery
test of tibial nerve
ankle jerk reflex - if positive then nerve is good and gastrocnemius and soleus are functioning
muscles of anterior compartment of the leg
tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertus
main function of anterior compartment of the leg
dorsiflexing ankle and extension of toes
innervation of anterior compartment of the leg
deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
Blood supply to anterior compartment of the leg
Anterior tibial artery
damage to deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
causes foot drop, muscles in anterior compartment of the leg are paralysed, patient flicks foot forward when walking = ‘eversion flick’
Muscles in lateral compartment of the leg
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
Main function in lateral compartment of the leg
eversion of foot and plantarflexion of ankle
innervation of lateral compartment of the leg
superficial fibular nerve (L5,S1,S2)
Blood supply to lateral compartment of the leg
Fibular artery
Bones of the foot
Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Medial/Intermediate/lateral cuneiforms, Cuboid
Tiger Cubs Need MILCC
5 metatarsals and 14 phalanages
innervation of the foot - Saphenous, Superficial fibular, Sural, Dee fibular, Medial calcaneal, Medial plantar, lateral plantar
Saphenous nerve = bit near medial malleolus and that area of sole
Superficial fibular nerve = majority of the top of the foot
Sural nerve = area above 5th metatarsal base and lateral corner of heel
Deep fibular nerve = 1st webspace
Medial calcaneal nerve = Main part of heel
Medial plantar = big toe to half middle toe and most of medial sole
Lateral plantar = half of middle toe to little toe and most of medial sole
