Lower Limb

Question 1

muscles in superficial gluteal region

Answer 1

Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus

Question 2

Main function of gluteus max, medius and min

Answer 2

Max = powerful extensor of hip
Medius and min = abduct and medial rotate thigh at hip joint

Question 3

Innervation of glut max, medius and min

Answer 3

Max = Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
Medius and min = Superior gluteal nerve (L4 - S1)

Question 4

Blood supply to glut max, medius and min

Answer 4

superior and inferior gluteal arteries

Question 5

Function, Innervation and blood supply of tensor fascia lata

Answer 5

flexion, medial rotation and abduction of hip, stabilisation of knee via iliotibial band
innervated by superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
blood supply is superior gluteal artery

Question 6

deep muscle layer of gluteal region muscles

Answer 6

piriformis, superior and inferior gemelli, obturator internus, obturator femoris

Question 7

deep muscle layer of gluteal region muscles

Answer 7

piriformis, superior and inferior gemelli, obturator internus, obturator femoris

Question 8

deep muscle layer of gluteal region muscles

Answer 8

piriformis, superior and inferior gemelli, obturator internus, obturator femoris

Question 9

main function of deep muscles of gluteal region

Answer 9

laterally rotate thigh and abducts flexed thigh

Question 10

innervation of deep muscles of gluteal region

Answer 10

piriformis = anterior ramus of S1,S2
Superior and inferior gameli, obturator femoris = nerve to quadratus femoris
obturator internus = nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1,S2)

Question 11

Blood supply to deep muscle layer of gluteal region

Answer 11

superior and inferior gluteal arteries

Question 12

damage to superior gluteal nerve

Answer 12

Positive Trendelenburg sign, gluteal muscle weakness

Question 13

muscles in anterior compartment of thigh

Answer 13

iliopsoas (psoas major, iliacus), Sartorius, quadriceps femoris, pectineus

Question 14

main actions of the anterior compartment of the thigh and what muscles do what

Answer 14

flex thigh = pectineus, iliopsoas, sartorius
extend leg = quadriceps femoris

Question 15

innervation of anterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 15

Femoral nerve (L2,L3,L4) except psoas major which is L1,L2,L3

Question 16

Blood supply to anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 16

femoral artery

Question 17

damage to femoral nerve

Answer 17

wont get knee jerk, no contraction of the quadriceps femoris

Question 18

muscles in medial compartment of the thigh (the hip adductors)

Answer 18

adductor magnus/longus/brevis, obturator externus, Gracialis

Question 19

function of the hip adductor muscle

Answer 19

adduct the hip and lateral rotation

Question 20

innervation of medial compartment of thigh (hip adductors)

Answer 20

All obturator nerve (L2-L4) except hamstring part of adductor magnus which is tibial nerve (L4-S3)

Question 21

Blood supply to medial compartment of the thigh (hip adductors)

Answer 21

femoral and obturator arteries

Question 22

muscles of posterior compartment of thigh (extensors of thigh and flexors of leg)

Answer 22

semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris

Question 23

function of posterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 23

extend thigh and flex leg

Question 24

Innervation of posterior compartment of thigh

Answer 24

tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2) except short head of biceps femoris which is common fibular division of sciatic nerve

Question 25

blood supply to posterior compartment of thigh

Answer 25

inferior gluteal and profunda femoris arteries

Question 26

muscles in superficial group of posterior leg

Answer 26

Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

Question 27

main function of superficial group of posterior leg

Answer 27

plantarflexors of ankle

Question 28

innervation of superficial group of posterior leg

Answer 28

tibial nerve (S1,S2)

Question 29

blood supply to superficial group of posterior leg

Answer 29

posterior tibial artery

Question 30

muscles in deep group of posterior leg

Answer 30

popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

Question 31

main function of deep group of posterior leg

Answer 31

flex toes and plantarflexing ankle

Question 32

innervation of deep group of posterior leg

Answer 32

tibial nerve (L4-S3)

Question 33

Blood supply to deep group of posterior leg

Answer 33

posterior tibial artery

Question 34

test of tibial nerve

Answer 34

ankle jerk reflex - if positive then nerve is good and gastrocnemius and soleus are functioning

Question 35

muscles of anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 35

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertus

Question 36

main function of anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 36

dorsiflexing ankle and extension of toes

Question 37

innervation of anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 37

deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 38

Blood supply to anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 38

Anterior tibial artery

Question 39

damage to deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Answer 39

causes foot drop, muscles in anterior compartment of the leg are paralysed, patient flicks foot forward when walking = 'eversion flick'

Question 40

Muscles in lateral compartment of the leg

Answer 40

fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

Question 41

Main function in lateral compartment of the leg

Answer 41

eversion of foot and plantarflexion of ankle

Question 42

innervation of lateral compartment of the leg

Answer 42

superficial fibular nerve (L5,S1,S2)

Question 43

Blood supply to lateral compartment of the leg

Answer 43

Fibular artery

Question 44

Bones of the foot

Answer 44

Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Medial/Intermediate/lateral cuneiforms, Cuboid Tiger Cubs Need MILCC 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanages

Question 45

innervation of the foot - Saphenous, Superficial fibular, Sural, Dee fibular, Medial calcaneal, Medial plantar, lateral plantar

Answer 45

Saphenous nerve = bit near medial malleolus and that area of sole Superficial fibular nerve = majority of the top of the foot Sural nerve = area above 5th metatarsal base and lateral corner of heel Deep fibular nerve = 1st webspace Medial calcaneal nerve = Main part of heel Medial plantar = big toe to half middle toe and most of medial sole Lateral plantar = half of middle toe to little toe and most of medial sole