Lower limb Flashcards
The lower limb is specialised for _______
- Locomotion
- supporting body weight
- Balance
What are the two parts that make up the lower limb ?
Trunk Segment
Free Lower limb segments
What does the trunk segment include ?
Half of the pelvic girdle
Gluteal & Inguinal regions
Hip joint
What does the free lower limb segments include ?
Thigh (femoris)
Leg (crus)
Foot (pes) - including Tarsus (connecting the ankle To the foot)
What are the 3 sections of the bony pelvis ?
Ilium (yellow)
Ischium (blue)
Pubis (red)
Add pics
What is the name of socket in the hip joint that connects to the femur ?
Acetabulum
Which bones does the pelvic girdle articulate with ?
Sacrum
Femur
What is the midline joint in the pelvic girdle ?
Pubic Symphysis
The pelvic girdle has important landmarks for _________
Orientation
What are the two main groups of muscles in the gluteal region ?
Vertical (5) and Horizontal (4)
What is the difference between the horizontal and vertical muscle
Groups of the gluteal region ?
Horizontal ones are deeper and smaller
Vertical ones are larger
What is the function of the horizontal muscle groups ?
They act as rotators at the hip joint
What is the function of the vertical muscle groups ?
It allows abduction and extension
Which 3 vertical group muscles aid in extension and walking ?
Gluteus maximus, medius, minimus
- which originate from the pelvis and attach to the femur
Roots of which spinal nerves form the lumbar-sacral plexus ?
L1-S3
What are the 4 main nerve branches that supply to the lower limb ?
Femoral nerve
Obturator nerve
Sciatic nerve
Inferior/superior Gluteal nerves
Where is the femoral nerve located ?
Anterior thigh compartment and anterior leg
Where is the Obturator nerve located ?
Medial thigh
Where is the Sciatic nerve located ?
Posterior compartment of thigh, leg
And sole of foot
What are two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve
Tibial
Common Fibular nerve
Where are the inferior/superior gluteal nerves located ?
Large muscles in the gluteal region
What are the characteristics of the acetabular joint ?
It’s more stable than the glenohumeral joint
It’s less mobile than the Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint because it bears more weight and stability
Which ligaments connect the pelvis and the femur in the acetabular joint ?
Iliofemoral
Ischiofemoral
Pubofemoral
(They stabilise and enclose the joint)
What is the longest bone in the body ?
Femur
(Thigh bone)
