Lower Limb Flashcards
What is the spinal root that receives sensation from the gluteal region?
S3
The spinal root S3 receives sensation from what region?
The gluteal region
What spinal root receives sensation from the inguinal region?
L1
The spinal root L1 receives sensation from what region?
The inguinal region
What spinal root receives sensation from the intermediate anterior region of the thigh?
L2
The spinal root L2 receives sensation from what region?
The intermediate anterior region of the thigh
What spinal root receives sensation from the distal anterior region of the thigh?
L3
The spinal root L3 receives sensation from what region?
The distal anterior region of the thigh
Want structure passes through the Greater Sciatic Foramen?
The Sciatic Nerve
What structure passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
The Pudendal Nerve
What structure passes between the Piriformis and the Gemellus Superior?
The Sciatic Nerve
What inserts into the Greater Trochanter?
The Gluteus Medius
What inserts into the Lesser Trochanter?
The Iliopsoas
What inserts into the lateral wall of the Greater Trochanter?
The Gluteus Medius
What inserts into the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine?
The Sartorius
What inserts into the Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine?
The Rectus Femoris
What inserts into the supraacetabular sulcus?
The Rectus Femoris (Proximal Reflex Tendon)
What is the primary motor function of the spinal root L2?
Flexion of the hip
What is the primary motor function of the spina root L2?
Flexion of the hip
What spinal root is responsible for flexion of the hip?
L2
What is the primary function of the Gluteus Medius?
Abduction of the hip
What is the primary function of the Gluteus Minor?
Abduction of the hip
What is the primary function of the Iliopsoas?
Flexion of the hip
What is the primary function of the Gemini?
External rotation of the hip
What is the primary function of the Piriformis?
External rotation of the hip
What is the primary function of the Quadratus Femoris?
External rotation of the hip
What is the primary function of the Tensor Fascia Lata?
Stabilisation of the knee
What nerve innervates the Iliac muscle?
The Femoral Nerve
What nerve innervates the Gluteus Maximus?
The Inferior Gluteal Nerve
What nerve innervates the Gluteus Medius?
The Superior Gluteal Nerve
What nerve innervates the Gluteus Minor?
The Superior Gluteal Nerve
What nerve innervates the Tensor Fascia Lata?
The Superior Gluteal Nerve
What is the (distal) insertion of the Tensor Fascia Lata?
The Iliotibial Tract
What is the (distal) insertion of the Iliopsoas?
The Lesser Trochanter of the Femur
What is the (distal) insertion of the Gluteus Major?
The Greater Trochanter
What is the (distal) insertion of the Gluteus Medius?
The Greater Trochanter
What is the (distal) insertion of the Gluteus Minor?
The posterior part of the Femur
What is the (distal) insertion of the Gemilli?
The Greater Trochanter
What is the (distal) insertion of the Piriformis?
The Greater Trochanter
What is the (proximal) origin of the Quadratus Femoris?
The Intertrochanteric Crest
What is the (proximal) origin of the Iliac muscle?
The Iliac Fossa
What is the (proximal) origin of the Tensor Fascia Lata?
The Iliac Crest
What is the (proximal) insertion of the Gluteus Major?
The external surface of the Ilium
What is the (proximal) insertion of the Gluteus Minor?
The external surface of the Ilium
What is the (proximal) insertion of the Gluteus Medius?
The external surface of the Ilium
What is the (proximal) origin of the Piriformis?
The anterior surface of the Sacrum
What is the (proximal) origin of the Quadratus Femoris?
The ischial tuberosity
What movement is stimulated by the Inferior Gluteal Nerve?
Extension of the hip
What movement is stimulated by the Obturator Nerve?
Adduction of the hip
What movement is stimulated by the Femoral Nerve in the hip?
Flexion
What movement is stimulated by the Superior Gluteal Nerve?
Abduction of the hip
What movement is stimulated by the Ilioinguinal Nerve
There is no goddamn movement
What movement is stimulated by the Genitofemoral Nerve?
Did you think there was movement? Cuz there isn’t
What peripheral nerve stimulates flexion of the hip?
The Femoral Nerve
What peripheral nerve stimulates extension of the hip?
The Inferior Gluteal Nerve
What peripheral nerve stimulates abduction of the hip?
The Superior Gluteal Nerve
What peripheral nerve stimulates adduction of the hip?
The Obturator Nerve
What muscle is innervated by the Superior Gluteal Nerve?
The Gluteus Medius
What muscle is innervated by the Inferior Gluteal Nerve?
The Gluteus Major
What muscle is innervated by the Ilioguinguinal Nerve?
You think any self respecting muscle would let itself be innervated by a nerve with a name like that?
What muscle is innervated by the Genitofemoral Nerve?
You would have to invent the muscles, cuz it doesn’t exist
The posterior compartment of the thigh is mainly innervated by what nerve?
The Sciatic Nerve
The medial compartment of the thigh is mainly innervated by what nerve?
The Obturator Nerve
The anterior compartment of the thigh is mainly innervated by what nerve?
The Femoral Nerve
The anterior compartment of the thigh contains…
Extensors of the knee
The medial compartment of the thigh contains…
Adductors of the leg
The posterior compartment of the thigh contains…
Flexors of the knee
What are the compartments of the thigh?
Anterior, posterior and medial
What spinal root receives sensation from the most anterior region of the thigh?
L1
What spinal root receives sensation from the perineal region?
S4
What spinal root receives sensation from the intermediate anterior region of the thigh?
L2
What spinal root receives sensation from the most distal anterior region of the thigh?
L3
What spinal root receives sensation from the posterior region of the thigh?
S2
The spinal root L1 receives sensation from what region of the thigh?
The anterior proximal region of the thigh
The spinal root S4 receives sensation from what region?
The Perineal Region
The spinal root L2 receives sensation from what region?
The anterior intermediate region of the thigh
The spinal root L3 receives sensation from what region?
The anterior distal region of the thigh
The spinal root S2 receives sensation from what region of the thigh?
The posterior region
What inserts into the linea aspera?
The Quadriceps
What is the function of the Quadriceps?
Extension of the knee
What is the primary function of the Gracilis?
Adduction of the hip
What is the primary function of the Adductor Magnus?
To bring the leg closer to the linea media i.e. adduction
What is the function of the Pectineus?
To bring the leg closer to the linea media. That do be adduction
What is the function of the Adductor Longus?
To bring the leg closer to the linea media meaning adduction
What is the function of the Adductor Brevis?
To bring the leg closer to the linea media
What is the function of the Biceps Femoris?
Flexion of the knee
What is the primary function of the semimembranosus?
Flexion of the knee
What is the function of the Semitendinosus?
Flexion of the knee
What nerve innervates the Quadriceps?
The Femoral Nerve
What nerve innervates the Sartorius?
The Femoral Nerve
What nerve innervates the Gracilis?
The Obturator Nerve
What nerve innervates the Biceps Femoris?
The Sciatic Nerve
What nerve innervates the Semitendinosus?
The Sciatic Nerve
What nerve innervates the Semimembranosus?
The Sciatic Nerve
What nerve innervates the Adductor Longus
The Obturator Nerve
What nerve innervates the Adductor Brevis
The Obturator Nerve
What nerve innervates the Pectineus?
The Femoral Nerve
What nerve innervates the Adductor Magnus?
The Obturator and Sciatic Nerves
What is the (distal) insertion of the Sartorius?
The internal region of the proximal Tibia
What is the (distal) insertion of the Gracilis?
The internal region of the proximal Tibia
What is the (distal) insertion of the Quadriceps?
The Patella
What is the (distal) insertion of the Pectineus?
The medial region of the proximal Femur
What is the (distal) insertion of the Adductor Magnus?
The medial region of the Femur
What is the (distal) insertion of the Adductor Brevis?
The medial region of the proximal Femur
What is the (distal) insertion of the Adductor Longus?
The medial region of the proximal Femur
What is the (distal) insertion of the Biceps Femoris?
The proximal Fibula
What is the (distal) insertion of the Semitendinosus?
The internal region of the Proximal Tibia
What is the (distal) insertion of the Semimembranosus?
The internal region of the proximal Tibia
What is the (proximal) origin of the Gracilis?
The Pubic Bone
What is the (proximal) origin of the Pectineus?
The Pubis
What is the (proximal) origin of the Adductor Magnus?
The Ischium
What is the (proximal) origin of the Adductor Brevis?
The Pubis
What is the (proximal) origin of the Adductor Longus?
The Pubis
What is the (proximal) origin of the Biceps Femoris?
The Ischium
What is the (proximal) origin of the Semitendinosus?
The Ischium
What is the (proximal) origin of the Semimembranosus?
The Ischium
What is the (proximal) origin of the Sartorius?
The anterior superior iliac spine
The Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh transmits sensation from…
The anterolateral region of the thigh
The Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh transmits sensation from…
The posterior region of the thigh
What nerve transmits sensation from the anterolateral region of the thigh?
The Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh
What nerve transmits sensation from the anterolateral region of the thigh?
The Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh
What nerve transmits sensation from the anterior region of the thigh?
The Femoral Nerve
What nerve transmits sensation from the medial region of the thigh?
The Obturator Nerve
What nerve transmits sensation from the posterior region of the thigh?
The Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh
What muscle is innervated by the Femoral Nerve in the thigh?
The Quadriceps
What muscle is innervated by the Obturator Nerve in the thigh?
The Adductor Longus
What muscle is innervated by the Sciatic Nerve in the thigh?
The Biceps Femoris
Where does the Saphenous Nerve lie in the thigh?
The Adductor Canal
Where does the Sciatic Nerve lie in the thigh?
Between the Semimembranosus and Biceps Femoris
Which spinal root receives sensation from the posterior region of the knee?
S2
The spinal root S2 receives sensation from what region?
The posterior region of the knee
What vascular structure enters the Popliteal region?
The Femoral Artery
What is the the proximal and medial border of the popliteal fossa?
The Semimembranosus
What is the proximal and lateral border Popliteal fossa?
The Biceps Femoris
What is the distal and medial border of the Popliteal fossa?
The medial head of the Gastrocnemius
What is the distal and lateral border of the Popliteal Region?
The lateral head of the Gastrocnemius and the Plantaris
What inserts into the proximal part of the patella?
The Quadriceps
What inserts into the distal part of the patella?
The Patellar Tendon
What inserts into the tibial tuberosity?
The Patellar Tendon
What inserts into the external and anterior proximal region of the Tibia?
The Fascia Lata
What inserts into the medial posterior region of the tibia?
The Semitendinosus
What is the motor function of the spinal root L3?
Extension of the knee
What is the primary spinal root that stimulates extension of the knee?
L3
What is the (proximal) insertion of the Popliteus?
The external condyle of the Femur
What is the (distal) origin of the Popliteus?
The proximal posterior region of the Tibia
What movement is stimulated by the Femoral Nerve?
Extension of the knee
What peripheral nerve stimulates flexion of knee?
The Sciatic Nerve
What peripheral nerve stimulates extension of the knee?
The Femoral Nerve
What is the arterial pulse in the knee palpated?
Posteriorly
Where does the Sciatic Nerve lie in the external popliteal region of the knee?
The neck of the Fibula
Where does the popliteal tendon travel?
The external condyle of the Femur
Where does the popliteal artery lie from the popliteal region to the leg?
Between the tendons of the Gastrocnemius
What are the compartments of the leg?
Anterior, posterior and lateral
What is the anterior compartment of the leg innervated by?
The Deep Peroneal Nerve
What is the lateral compartment of the leg innervated by?
The Superficial Peroneal Nerve
What is the posterior compartment of the leg innervated by?
The Tibial Nerve
What does the lateral compartment of the leg contain?
The Peroneus muscles
What does the anterior compartment of the leg contain?
The Extensor Digitorum Longus
What does the deep posterior compartment of the leg contain?
The Flexor Hallucis Longus
What does the superficial posterior compartment of the leg contain?
The Soleus
What spinal root receives sensation from the anteromedial region of the leg?
L4
What spinal root receives sensation from the anterolateral region of the leg?
L5
What spinal root receives sensation from the posterior region of the leg?
S1
The spinal root L4, in the leg, receives sensation from…
The anteromedial region
The spinal root L5, in the leg, receives sensation from…
The anterolateral region
The spinal root S1, in the leg, receives sensation from…
The posterior region
What is the primary function of the Extensor Digitorum Longus?
Extension
What is the function of the Peroneus Longus?
Eversion
What is the primary function of the Extensor Hallucis Longus?
Extension
What is the primary function of the Tibialis Anterior?
Dorsal flexion of the ankle
What is the primary function of the Soleus?
Plantar flexion of the ankle
What is the primary function of the Gastrocnemius?
Plantar flexion of the ankle
What is the primary function o the Flexor Hallucis Longus?
Flexion
What is the primary function of the Flexor Digitorum Longus?
Flexion
What does the Femoral Artery lie in the thigh?
The Adductor Canal
What is the primary function of the Peroneus Tertius?
Eversion
What is the function of the Peroneus Brevis?
Eversion
What nerve innervates the Extensor Hallucis Longus?
The Deep Peroneal Nerve
What nerve innervates the Extensor Hallucis Longus?
The Deep Peroneal Nerve
What nerve innervates the Tibialis Anterior?
The Deep Peroneal Nerve
What nerve innervates the Soleus?
The Tibial Nerve
What nerve innervates the Gastrocnemius?
The Tibial Nerve
What nerve innervates the Flexor Digitorum Longus?
The Tibial Nerve
What nerve innervates the Flexor Halucis Longus?
The Tibial Nerve
What nerve innervates the Peroneus Tertius?
The Deep Peroneal Nerve
What nerve innervates the Peroneus Longus?
The Superficial Peroneal Nerve
What nerve innervates the Peroneus Brevis?
The Superficial Peroneal Nerve
What is the (distal) insertion of the Extensor Hallucis Longus?
The distal phalange
What is the (distal) insertion of the Extensor Digitorum Longus?
The distal phalange
What is the (distal) insertion of the Tibialis Anterior?
the Medial Cuneiform bone
What is the (distal) insertion of the Soleus?
The Calcaneus
What is the (distal) insertion of the Gastrocnemius?
The Calcaneus
What is the (distal) insertion of the Flexor Hallucis Longus?
The distal phalange
What is the (distal) insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Longus?
The distal phalange
What is the (distal) insertion of the Peroneus Tertius?
The 5th metatarsal
What does the Saphenous Nerve transmits sensation from?
The anteromedial region of the leg
What does the Sural Nerve transmit sensation from?
The posterior region of the leg
What nerve transmits sensation from the anteromedial of the leg?
The Saphenous Nerve
What nerve transmits sensation from the posterior region of the leg?
The Sural Nerve
What muscle is innervate by the Deep Peroneal Nerve in the leg?
The Tibialis Anterior
What muscle is innervated by the Superficial Peroneal Nerve in the leg?
The Peroneus Longus
What muscle is innervated by the Tibial Nerve in the leg?
The Flexors
Where does the Superficial Peroneal nerve lie in the superficial fascia in the leg?
Between the Peroneus Longus and Brevis
What spinal root receives sensation from the medial region of the ankle?
L4
What spinal root receives sensation from the lateral region of the ankle?
S1
The spinal root S1 receives sensation from what part of the ankle?
The lateral region
The spinal root L4 receives sensation from what region of the ankle?
The medial region
What artery lies under the extensor retinaculum of the ankle?
The Anterior Tibial Artery
What nerve lies under the flexor retinaculum of the ankle?
The Tibial Nerve
What is the primary motor function the spinal root L5 in the ankle?
Plantar Flexion
What is the primary motor function of the spinal root S1 in the ankle?
Dorsal flexion
What is the primary spinal root that stimulates plantar flexion of the ankle?
L5
What is the primary spinal root that stimulates dorsal flexion of the ankle?
S1
The Saphenous Nerve transmits sensation from what part of the ankle?
The medial region
What nerve receives sensation from the medial region of the ankle?
The Saphenous Nerve
What movement is stimulated by the Deep Peroneal Nerve in the ankle?
Dorsal Flexion
What movement is stimulated by the Superficial Peroneal Nerve in the ankle?
Eversion
What movement is stimulated by the Tibial Nerve in the ankle?
Plantar flexion
What peripheral nerve stimulates dorsal flexion of the ankle?
The Deep Peroneal Nerve
What peripheral nerve stimulates plantar flexion of the ankle?
The Tibial Nerve
What peripheral nerve stimulates eversion of the ankle?
The Superficial Peroneal Nerve
Where is the arterial pulse palpated in the ankle?
Posterior to the Tibial Malleolus
Where does the Tibial Artery lie in the ankle?
Posterior to the tibial malleolus
What are the ligaments of the hip?
The Iliofemoral, the pubofemoral and the ischiofemoral ligaments
What movements are allowed by the hip joint?
Movement in all planes
What type of joint is the hip?
Enarthrosis
What joint is the symphysis of the Pubis?
Amphiarthrosis
What type of joint is the Sacroiliac joint?
Synovial
What movement is allowed by the Sacroiliac joint?
Nutation and counter-nutation
What movement is allowed by the pubic symphisis?
Diastasis during pregnancy
What are the ligaments of the pubic symphysis?
The Superior and Inferior (arcuate) Ligaments
What are the ligaments of the sacroiliac joint?
The Intrinsic and Extrinsic Ligaments
What are the Extrinsic Ligaments of the Sacroiliac joint?
The Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous Ligament
What are the Intrinsic Ligaments of the Sacroiliac joint?
The anterior, posterior and interosseous ligaments
Where does the Posterior Cruciate Ligament originate?
The lateral surface of the medial condyle
Where does the Lateral Collateral Ligament of the knee originate?
The lateral epicondyle
Where does the Medial Cruciate Ligament of the knee originate?
The medial epicondyle
Where does the Anterior Cruciate Ligament originate?
The medial surface of the lateral condyle
Where does the Anterior Cruciate Ligament insert?
The anterior intercondylar region
Where does the Posterior Cruciate Ligament insert?
The posterior intercondylar region
Where does the Medial Collateral Ligament of the knee insert?
The Tibia
Where does the Lateral Collateral Ligament insert in the knee?
The head of the Fibula
What are the ligaments of the knee?
The Collateral (medial and lateral) and the Cruciate (anterior and posterior)
What is the function of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament?
To limit anterior displacement of the Tibia
What is the function of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament?
To limit posterior displacement of the Tibia
What tendon lies in the knee?
The tendon of the Popliteus
What movements are allowed by the knee?
Flexion, extension and rotation
What type of joints are combined in the knee?
Bicondylar (FT), Trochlear (FP) and Flat (TP)
What kind of joint is the patellofemoral joint?
Trochlear
What kind of joint is the Femerotibial Joint?
Bicondylar
What is the function of the Medial Collateral Ligament of the Knee
To restrict abduction
What is the function of the Lateral Collateral Ligament of the Knee?
To restrict adduction
What is the function of the menisci?
Adjustment of joint surfaces, load sharing
What are the articular surfaces of the ankle?
The internal fibular surface, the trochlea of the talus, the inferior surface of the Tibia (medial surface of the Malleolus)
Where does the Deltoid ligament insert?
The talus, navicular and calcaneus
Where does the deltoid ligament originate?
The tibial malleolus
What are the ligaments of the distal tibiofibular joint?
The anterior, posterior and interosseous ligaments
What are the ligaments of the ankle?
The medial and lateral collateral ligaments
What is the function of the tibifibular syndesmosis?
To keep the two bones firmly together
What portion is the most stable for the ankle?
Dorsal flexion
What movement is allowed by the distal tibiofibular joint?
Absolutely none
What movement is allowed is allowed by the ankle?
Flexion and extension
What kinds of joints are combined in the ankle?
Trochlea and syndesmosis
What kind of joint is the ankle (just the moving part)?
Trochlear
What kind of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?
Syndesmosis, with a small synovial component
What structure passes through the 2 tubercles of the posterior process of the talus?
The Flexor Hallucis Longus
What structure passes under the sustentaculum tali?
The Flexor Hallucis Longus
What are the primary functions of the Plantar Interossei of the foot?
Interphalangeal extension, adduction
What are the primary functions of the Dorsal Interossei of the foot?
Interphalangeal extension, abduction
What is the primary function of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
Proximal interphalangeal flexion
What nerve innervates the interossei of the foot?
The Tibial Nerve
What nerve innervates the Lumbricals of the foot?
The Tibial nerve
What nerve innervates the Flexor Digiti Minimi of the foot?
The Tibial Nerve
What nerve innervates the Flexor Hallucis Longus?
The Tibial Nerve
What nerve innervates the Adductor Hallucis?
The Tibial Nerve
What nerve innervates the Lumbricals of the foot?
The Tibial Nerve
What nerve innervates the Abductor Digiti Minimi?
The Tibial Nerve
What nerve innervates the Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
The Tibial Nerve
What nerve innervates the Quadratus Plantaris?
The Tibial Nerve
What nerve innervates the Abductor Hallucis?
The Tibial Nerve
What is the (distal) insertion of the Lumbricals of the foot?
The Extensor Apparatus
What is the (distal) insertion of the Plantar Interossei of the foot?
The Extensor Apparatus
What is the (distal) insertion of the Dorsal Interossei of the foot?
The Extensor Apparatus
What is the (distal) insertion of the Adductor Hallucis?
The Lateral Sesamoid Bone
What is the (distal) insertion of the Flexor Digiti Minimi?
The proximal phalange
What is the (distal) insertion of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
The proximal phalange
What is the (distal) insertion of the Quadratus Plantaris?
The Flexor Digitorum Longus
What is the (distal) insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Longus of the foot?
The medial phalange
What is the (distal) insertion of the Abductor Digiti Minimi?
The proximal phalange
What is the (distal) insertion of the Abductor Hallucis Longus?
The proximal phalange
What is the (proximal) origin of the Lumbricals of the foot?
The flexor tendons
What is the (proximal) origin of the Plantar Interossei?
The Metatarsals
What is the (proximal) origin of the Adductor Hallucis?
The lateral metatarsals
What is the (proximal) origin of the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?
The base of the metatarsal
What is the (proximal) origin of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
The base of the metatarsal
What is the (proximal) origin of the Quadratus Plantaris?
The Calcaneus
What is the (proximal) origin of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
The Calcaneus
What is the (proximal) origin of the Abductor Digiti Minimi>
The Calcaneus
What is the (proximal) origin of the Abductor Hallucis?
The Calcaneus
What transmits sensation from the Sural Nerve in the foot?
The lateral region
What transmits sensation through the Saphenous Nerve in the foot?
The medial region of the medial arch
What transmits sensation through the Superficial Peroneal Nerve in the foot?
The back of the foot
What transmits sensation from the Deep Peroneal Nerve in the foot?
The space between the 1st and 2nd toes
What transmits sensation from the Tibial Nerve in the foot?
The sole of the foot
What nerve transmits sensation from the region between the 1st and 2nd toes?
The Deep Peroneal Nerve
What nerve transmits sensation from the sole of the foot?
The Tibial Nerve
What nerve transmits sensation from the back of the foot?
The Superficial Peroneal Nerve
What nerve transmits sensation from medial and posterior region of the foot?
The Saphenous Nerve
What nerve transmits sensation from the lateral region of the foot?
The Sural Nerve
What peripheral nerve stimulates abduction of the big toe?
The Tibial Nerve
Where can the pulse be palpated in the foot?
In the back of the foot
Where does the Lateral Plantar Nerve lie in the rearfoot?
Superficial to the Quadratus Plantaris
Where does the Medial Plantar Nerve lie in the rearfoot?
Superficial to the Flexor Digitorum Longus
Where does the tendon of the Peroneus Longus lie in the sole of the foot?
Deep to all the plantar muscles
Where do the plantar arteries lie in the foot?
Deep to the Quadratus Plantaris
