Lower limb

Question 1

What supplies the head of the femur?

Answer 1

Medial circumflex femoral artery

Question 2

What supplies the knee joint?

Answer 2

Popliteal artery.

Question 3

What is the most torn ligament in the knee?

Answer 3

Tibial collateral ligament

Question 4

What is the function of the tibial (medial) collateral ligament

Answer 4

extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur inferiorly to attach to the medial aspect of the tibia. It is firmly attached to the capsule and medial meniscus. The tibial ligament prevents lateral displacement (abduction) of the tibia under the femur.

Question 5

What is the function of the fibular (lateral) collateral ligament?

Answer 5

extends from the lateral condyle of the femur inferiorly to attach to the head of the fibula and is not attached to the lateral meniscus. The fibular ligament prevents medial displacement (adduction) of the tibia under the femur.

Question 6

What structure may be injured in femoral hernia reduction and what will it result in?

Answer 6

Injury of obdurately artery resulting in hemorrhage.

Question 7

What is the sensory branch of femoral nerve?

Answer 7

Saphenous nerve

Question 8

What nerve supplied hamstrings?

Answer 8

Sciatic

Question 9

What does the sciatic nerve divide into

Answer 9

Tibial and common peroneal nerves at the level of the tibia and fibula

Question 10

Where does the sensory branch of sciatic supply?

Answer 10

Skin of leg and foot, except the areas supplied by the saphenous nerve (medial leg and foot)

Question 11

What is pirifromis syndrome?

Answer 11

Compression of the sciatic nerve due to spasm of the piriformis muscle (in gluteal region- lateral rotator) leading to pain radiating along the pathway of sciatic nerve

Question 12

What is the nerve injury that causes a foot drop?

Answer 12

1. Sciatic if all muscles below knee are paralysed.

2. deep peroneal if u only have loss of dorsi flexion (depends on question)

Question 13

What are ACL and PCL most tense?

Answer 13

ACL: Tense during extension
PCL: tense in flexion.

Question 14

What structures are damaged in unhappy triad

Answer 14

ACL, medial collateral ligament , medial meniscus

Question 15

What are the two nerve supplies of adductor magnus

Answer 15

Sciatic and obturator as it performs addiction and hip extension

Question 16

Innervation of hamstrings?

Answer 16

Tibial part of sciatic nerve except short head of biceps femoris by peroneal part

Question 17

What happens in slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Answer 17

Melting ice cream.

Question 18

What happens in pott’s fracture

Answer 18

Bimaelleolar ankle fracture

Question 19

What is the function of superficial group of back of leg? (gastrocnemius, soles and plantaris?)

Answer 19

Plantar flexion and knee flexion

Question 20

What nerve supplies ALL of the back of the leg (plantarfelxors/ knee flexors)

Answer 20

Tibial nerve.

Question 21

What is the nerve supply of the anterior leg (extensors/ dorsiflexors)

Answer 21

Deep peroneal nerve.

Question 22

What is the nerve supply of the lateral leg

Answer 22

Superficial peroneal

Question 23

What nerve supplies skin of first web?

Answer 23

Deep peroneal nerve

Question 24

What is the sural nerve?

Answer 24

Dutanwous branch of tibial nerve.

Question 25

Which leg compartment causes Eversion and which causes inversion?

Answer 25

Eversion: lateral compartment
Inversion: posterior compartment

Question 26

What is the only muscle in the dorsum?

Answer 26

Extensor digitorum brevis.

Question 27

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

Answer 27

Synovial uniaxial

Question 28

What ligaments are torn in a sprained ankle?

Answer 28

Anterior talo fibular and calcaneofibular ligaments