lower leg - insertion, action, innervation Flashcards
Tibialis anterior - proximal origin
Superior lateral tibia, interosseus membrane
Tibialis anterior - distal insertion
medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal
Tibialis anterior - action
Dorsiflexion
Tibialis anterior - innervation
Deep fibular nerve
(L4, L5)
Extensor hallucis longus - proximal origin
Mid. Anterior Fibula, interosseus membrane
Extensor hallucis longus - distal insertion
distal phalanx of hallucis (dorsal)
Extensor hallucis longus - action
- Dorsiflexion
- Toe extension
Extensor hallucis longus - innervation
Deep fibular nerve
(L5, S1)
Extensor digitorum longus - proximal origin
Lateral tibia, anterior Fibula, interosseus membrane
Extensor digitorum longus - distal insertion
middle and distal phalanges of lateral digits
Extensor digitorum longus - action
- Dorsiflexion
- Toe extension
Extensor digitorum longus - innervation
Deep fibular nerve
(L5, S1)
Fibularis tertius - proximal origin
Inferior Anterior Fibula, interosseus membrane
Fibularis tertius - distal insertion
base of 5th metatarsal (dorsal)
Fibularis tertius - action
- Dorsiflexion
- Toe extension
Fibularis tertius - innervation
Deep fibular nerve
(L5, S1)
Fibularis longus - proximal origin
Superior Lateral fibula
Fibularis longus - distal insertion
base 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform
Fibularis longus - action
- Foot eversion
- Weak plantarflexion
- supports transverse arch of foot
Fibularis longus - innervation
Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Fibularis brevis - proximal origin
Mid. Lateral fibula
Fibularis brevis - distal insertion
base of 5th tuberosity (dorsal)
Fibularis brevis - action
- Foot eversion
- Weak plantarflexion
Fibularis brevis - innervation
Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Gastrocnemius - proximal origin
LH: lat. condyle of femur
MH: popliteal surface of femur
Gastrocnemius - distal insertion
LH: calcaneus (calcaneal tendon)
MH: calcaneus (calcaneal tendon)
Gastrocnemius - action
- Plantarflexion when knee extended
- Knee flexion
Gastrocnemius - innervation
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
Soleus - proximal origin
Post. head of fibula
Soleus - distal insertion
calcaneus (calcaneal tendon)
Soleus - action
plantarflexion
Soleus - innervation
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
Plantaris - proximal origin
Supracondylar line of femur
Plantaris - distal insertion
calcaneus (calcaneal tendon)
Plantaris - action
Assists plantarflexion
Plantaris - innervation
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
Popliteus - proximal origin
Lateral condyle of femur
Popliteus - distal insertion
posterior tibia
Popliteus - action
- Flexes knee
- Medial rotation of tibia?
Popliteus - innervation
Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Flexor hallucis longus - proximal origin
Posterior fibula
Flexor hallucis longus - distal insertion
base of distal phalanx of great toe
Flexor hallucis longus - action
- Big toe flexion
- Plantarflexion
- Supports arch of foot
Flexor hallucis longus - innervation
Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
Flexor digitorum longus - proximal origin
Medial Posterior tibia
Flexor digitorum longus - distal insertion
base of distal phalanges of lateral digits
Flexor digitorum longus - action
- Toe flexion
- Plantarflexion
- Supports arch of foot
Flexor digitorum longus - innervation
Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
Tibialis posterior - proximal origin
Interosseus membrane
Tibialis posterior - distal insertion
navicular tuberosity, cuneiforms, cuboid, base of 2nd-4th metatarsals
Tibialis posterior - action
- Plantarflexion
- Inversion
- Supports arch of foot
Tibialis posterior - innervation
Tibial nerve (L4, L5)
Extensor hallucis brevis - proximal origin
Calcaneus
Extensor hallucis brevis - distal insertion
proximal phalanx of big toe
Extensor hallucis brevis - action
Extend great toe
Extensor hallucis brevis - innervation
Deep fibular nerve
(L5, S1)
Extensor digitorum brevis - proximal origin
Calcaneus
Extensor digitorum brevis - distal insertion
proximal phalanges 2-4 digits
Extensor digitorum brevis - action
Extend lateral digits
Extensor digitorum brevis - innervation
Deep fibular nerve
(L5, S1)
Abductor hallucis - proximal origin
Tuberosity of calcaneus
Abductor hallucis - distal insertion
base of proximal phalanx
Abductor hallucis - action
Abducts and flexes great toe
Abductor hallucis - innervation
Medial plantar nerve
(S2, S3)
Flexor digitorum brevis - proximal origin
Tuberosity of calcaneus
Flexor digitorum brevis - distal insertion
middle phalanges of lat. four digits
Flexor digitorum brevis - action
Flexes lateral digits
Flexor digitorum brevis - innervation
Medial plantar nerve
(S2, S3)
Abductor digiti minimi - proximal origin
Tuberosity of calcaneus
Abductor digiti minimi - distal insertion
base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Abductor digiti minimi - action
Abducts and flexes 5th digit
Abductor digiti minimi - innervation
Lateral plantar nerve
(S2, S3)
Quadratus Plantae - proximal origin
Medial surface of plantar calcaneus
Quadratus Plantae - distal insertion
flexor digitorum longus tendon
Quadratus Plantae - action
Assists flexor digitorum longus -> flex lateral four digits
Quadratus Plantae - innervation
Lateral plantar nerve
(S2, S3)
Lumbricals - proximal origin
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Lumbricals - distal insertion
medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits
Lumbricals - action
Flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
Lumbricals - innervation
Medial one: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Lateral three: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Flexor hallucis brevis - proximal origin
Plantar surface of cuboid and cuneiform
Flexor hallucis brevis - distal insertion
base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Flexor hallucis brevis - action
Flexes proximal phalanx of great toe
Flexor hallucis brevis - innervation
Medial plantar nerve
(S2, S3)
Adductor hallucis - proximal origin
OH: base of metatarsals
TH: plantar 3-5 MTPJ
Adductor hallucis - distal insertion
OH: base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
TH: base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Adductor hallucis - action
Adducts great toe
Adductor hallucis - innervation
Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve
(S2, S3)
Flexor digiti minimi brevis - proximal origin
Base of 5th metatarsal
Flexor digiti minimi brevis - distal insertion
base of proximal phalanges of 3-5 digits
Flexor digiti minimi brevis - action
Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Flexor digiti minimi brevis - innervation
Superficial branch of lateral planter nerve (S2, S3)
Plantar interossei - proximal origin
Base/ medial 3-5 metatarsals
Plantar interossei - distal insertion
medial sides of base of 3-5 proximal phalanges
Plantar interossei - action
Adducts digits 3-5 and flexes MTP joints
(PAD)
Plantar interossei - innervation
Lateral planter nerve
(S2, S3)
Dorsal interossei - proximal origin
Sides 1-5 metatarsals
Dorsal interossei - distal insertion
1st: medial proximal phalanx 2nd digit,
2nd – 4th : lateral 2-4 digits
Dorsal interossei - action
Abducts digits (2-4) and flexes MTP joints
(DAB)
Dorsal interossei - innervation
Lateral planter nerve
(S2, S3)