Lower Leg/Foot Conditions

Question 1

95% of all ankle sprains involve the _______ ligaments.

Answer 1

Lateral

Question 2

How is the foot presented at time of injury with lateral sprains?

Answer 2

Foot is plantar flexed and inverted

Question 3

Ankle Sprain Grading

Answer 3

Grade I: No Loss of function, minimal tearing of anterior talofibular ligament
Grade II: Some loss of function, partial disruption of anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments
Grade III: Complete loss of function. Complete tearing of anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments. Partial tear of posterior talofibular ligament.

Question 4

Tests of ankle instability

Answer 4

Anterior Drawer and Talar Tilt

Question 5

Test for achilles tendonosis

Answer 5

Thompson Test

Question 6

Trimalleolar fx involves:

Answer 6

Med MalleolusLateral Malleolus

Posterior Tubercle of Distal Tibia

Question 7

What nerve is entraped in Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?

Answer 7

Posterior Tibial Nerve

Question 8

What gait pattern causes Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?

Answer 8

Over Pronation

Question 9

Overuse of what muscles cause Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?

Answer 9

Long Flexor

Posterior Tibilais Tendon

Question 10

With Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome there is paresthesia along where?

Answer 10

Medial Ankle to plantar surface of the foot

Question 11

Flat foot is normal in what age groups?

Answer 11

Infant and Toddler Feet

Question 12

how does flat feet impact gait?

Answer 12

Decreased ability to provide rigid lever for push-off

Question 13

Talipes Equinovarus is also called?

Answer 13

Clubfoot

Question 14

What causes postural Clubfoot?

Answer 14

Intrauterine malposition

Question 15

What part of the foot is malformed with heredity/neuromuscular club foot?

Answer 15

Head/Neck of talus

Question 16

Equinus looks like?

Answer 16

Plantar flexed foot

Question 17

How do peopel compensate for Equinus?

Answer 17

Subtalar/Midtarsal pronation because of decreased DF

Question 18

Hallux Valgus

Answer 18

Medial deviation of head of first met

Question 19

Normal metatarsophalangeal angle is:

Answer 19

8-12 degrees

Question 20

Metatarsalgia causes pain where?

Answer 20

First and second metatarsal heads after long periods of WB

Question 21

With metatarsalgia, you can have structural changes in the transverse arch with leads to:

Answer 21

Vascular and neural compromise in the forefoot

Question 22

Mechanical reasons for Metatarsalgia

Answer 22

Tight triceps surae/achilles tendon (calf)
Collapse of transverse arch
short first ray
Pronation of forefoot

Question 23

Metatarsus Adductus 2 types

Answer 23

Rigid: medial subluxation of tarsometatarsal joints with hindfoot valgus and navicular lateral to head of talus
Flexible: Adduction of all 5 mets at tarsometatarsal joints

Question 24

Charcot-Marie-Tooth

Answer 24

Peroneal Muscular atrophy that affects motor/sensory nerves

Question 25

Where does Charcot-Marie-Tooth affect?

Answer 25

Affects muscles in lower leg/foot and eventually progresses to hands and forearm

Question 26

Plantar Fascilitis has limited ROM where?

Answer 26

First MTP and talocrural joint

Question 27

Plantar fascilitis is chronic irritation of plantar fascia from what motion?

Answer 27

Excessive Pronation

Question 28

What muscle is usually tight with plantar fascia?

What should you strengthen?

Answer 28

Triceps surae - stretch

Inverters

Question 29

Is pes cavus of flatfoot most common with plantar fascia?

Answer 29

Pes Vaus

Question 30

Differential diagnosis of plantar facilitis

Answer 30

Tarsal Tunnel Syndome (-) tinnel’s sign