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Physiotherapy > Lower leg ankle and foot > Flashcards

Lower leg ankle and foot Flashcards

1
Q

What are the compartments of the lower leg

A

Superficial posterior compartment

Deep Posterior Compartment

Anterior Crural compartment

Lateral Crural compartment

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2
Q

Which muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment

A

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Plantaris

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3
Q

Which muscles are in the deep posterior compartment

A

Popliteus

Tibialis posterior

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Flexor digitorum Longus

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4
Q

What muscles are in the anterior crural compartment

A

Tibialis anterior

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Peroneus Tertius

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5
Q

What muscles are in the Lateral Crural Compartment

A

Peroneus Longus

Peroneus Brevis

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6
Q

Gastronemius

A

Most superficial in the calf

2 heads Medial and Lateral

Origin: Medial- Medial supercondylar ridge of femur and lateral- lateral condyle of femur

Insertion - Via tendocalaneus to posterior surface of calcaneus

Nerve Supply - Tibial nerve S1,2

Planterflexes ankle and flexes knee

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7
Q

Soleus

A

Origin - Soleal line (posterior surface of tibia)

Insertion - Via tendocalcaneus to calcaneus

Nerve - Tibial Nerve S1,2

Plantarflexes ankle

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8
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

Origin - Upper part posterior surface of tibia

Insertion - Tubercle of navicular and medial cuneiform with expansions to all tarsal bones except talus

Nerve - Tibial Nerve L4,5

Inverts and plantarflexes foot

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9
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Origin - lower 2 thirds posterior surface of fibular

Insertion - Plantar surface base of distal Phalanx

Nerve - Tibial Nerve S1,2

Plantarflexion of big toe

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10
Q

Flexor Digitorum longus

A

Origin - medial part posterior surface of tibia

Insertion - Tendon passes behind medial malleolus and divides into 4 to attach to plantar surface base of 4 lateral toes

Nerve - Tibial Nerve L5,S1,2

Plantarflexion

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11
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Origin - Lateral surface of tibia

Insertion - Medial side of medial cuneiform and base 1st metatarsal

Nerve - Deep Peroneal nerve L4,5

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot
Maintains longitudinal arch of foot

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12
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Origin - middle half anterior surface of fibula

Insertion - Base dorsal surface distal phalanx of hallux

Nerve - Deep Peroneal nerve L5,S1

Dorsiflexes joints of hallux
Assists tibialis anterior on swing phase of gait

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13
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Origin - Upper 2 thirds anterior surface of fibula

Insertion - distal and middle phalanx of the 4 lateral toes on dorsal surface

Nerve - Deep Peroneal Nerve L5,S1

dorsiflexes ankle

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14
Q

Peroneus Longus

A

Origin - lateral surface of head of fibula

Insertion - Plater surface of medial cuneiform and adjacent 1st metatarsal

Nerve - Superficial Peroneal nerve L5,S1

Everts and plantarflexes foot

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15
Q

Peroneus Brevis

A

Origin - Lower 2 thirds lateral surface fibular

Insertion - Tubercle on lateral base 5th metatarsal

Nerve - Superficial peroneal nerve L5,S1

Everts and plantarflexes foot

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16
Q

What are the muscles covered by

A

Fascia

Deep fascia demonstrates thickening around the ankle on the plantar aspect of the foot

The deep fascia ensheaths the muscles

Deep fascia has intermuscular septa that divides the thigh into compartments

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17
Q

Dorsal aspect of the foot

A

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Origin - calcaneus

Insertion - Lateral side 2-4 toes into hallux

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18
Q

first layer of the foot

A

Adductor Hallucis

Flexor digitorum brevis

Abductor digiti minimi

19
Q

Second layer of the foot

A

Lumbricals

Quadratus Plantae

20
Q

Third layer of the foot

A

Flexor hallucis brevis

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Adductor Hallucis

21
Q

Forth layer of the foot

A

Dorsal Interossei

Plantar Interossei

22
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A

Origin - Medial tubercle of calcaneus and planter fascia

Insertion - Medial side of great toe

Nerve - medial plantar nerve S1,2

23
Q

Flexor digitorum Brevis

A

Origin - Medial tubercle of calcaneus and plantar fascia

Insertion - lateral 4 toes

Nerve - Medial plantar nerve S1,2

24
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

Origin - medial and lateral tubercle of calcaneus

Insertion - lateral side 5 toe

nerve - Lateral Plantar nerve S1,2

25
Q

Quadratus Plantae

A

Origin - medial and lateral tubercles of the calcaneus

Insertion - Tendon of Flexor Digitorum longus

Nerve - Lateral Plantar nerve S2,3

Ture synergist: assists FDL
Prevents drift of toes during flexion

26
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

Origin - Plantar surfaces of cuboid and and lateral cuneiform

Insertion - Proximal Phalanx of Hallux

Nerve - Medial plantar nerve S1,2

27
Q

Flexor Digiti minimi Brevis

A

Origin - Base of 5th metatarsal

Insertion - lateral side proximal phalanx of 5th toe

Nerve - Lateral Plantar nerve S2,3

28
Q

Adductor Hallicus

A

Origin - base of metatarsals 2-4

Insertion - Lateral side of big toe

Nerve - Lateral plantar nerve S2,3

29
Q

Dorsi Interossei

A

Origin - Metatarsals 1-5

Insertion - lateral and medial side of 2nd toe
and lateral side 3-4

Nerve - Lateral plantar Nerve S2,3

DAB

30
Q

Plantar Interossei

A

Origin - Bases of the medial sides of metatarsals 3-5

Insertion - medial sides of phalanges 3-5

Nerve - Lateral plantar nerve S2,3

PAD

31
Q

Arch Maintenance

A

Medial longitudinal arch:
Flexor Hallucis Longus, tibialis anterior, Tibialis Posterior

Lateral Longitudinal Arch:
Peroneus Longus, Peroneus Brevis

Transverse Arch:
Tibialis Posterior, Peroneus Longus

32
Q

Functions of the arches of the foot

A

Shock Absorb
Absorb force for locomotion
Weightbearing
Safe passage for nerves and vessels

33
Q

What is the role of the retinacula

A

Hold tendons in position

Prevent bowstringing

34
Q

What is the plantar fascia

A

Supports arches of the foot

Allows increased SA for muscle attachment

Provides protection to structures in sole of the foot

35
Q

Functions of interosseous membrane

A

Stability

Division

Attachment

Transmission of blood vessels from anterior to posterior

36
Q

Movement at the ankle joint

A

As ankle is a true hinge

Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion

Dorsiflexion: Talus rolls forwards and slides back
Limiting - anterior Talus is broader moving into narrower tibiofibular mortise.
Inferior tibiofibular ligaments are taut
Most stable

Plantarflexion: Talus rolls back and slides forward
Limiting: Narrower posterior talus moves into broader tibiofibular mortise
Least stable position of the joint as less grip on malleoli

37
Q

Ligaments of Subtalar joint

A

Interosseus ligament

Medial
posterior
lateral
Talocalcanean ligament
Talotubercle to surface of calcaneus

38
Q

Ligaments of calcaneocuboid joint

A

Plantar and dorsal calcaneocuboid ligaments

Reinforces the joint capsule

39
Q

Ligaments of talonavicular joint

A

Spring ligament

Dorsal talonavicular ligament

40
Q

Ligaments of midtarsal joint

A

Bifurcate

Long plantar ligament

41
Q

Ligaments of metatarsophalangeal joint

A

Collateral ligaments

Plantar ligament

Deep transverse metatarsal ligament

42
Q

Movements of the foot

A

Subtalar and midtarsal joint produce inversion and eversion

inversion at subtalar joint is joined by suprination at midtarsal

Eversion is accompanied by pronation

43
Q

AROM

A

Dorsiflexion 0-25
Apex of lateral malleolous

Plantarflexion 0-55
Apex of lateral malleolous

Inversion and eversion can not be done with goniometry

Physiotherapy (8 decks)

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