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Patho 2 Final MSK > Lower Leg > Flashcards

Lower Leg Flashcards

1
Q

what is in superficial fascia of lower limb

A

Saphenous veins (great and small)
Lymphatics and nodes
Fat and CT

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2
Q

what is purpose of deep fascia lata of lower limb?

A

covers thigh muscles including gluteals

assists in venous return

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3
Q

Femoral Canal travels under the ____

A

inguinal ligament

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4
Q

lateral to medial contents of femoral canal

A

Femoral N, A, V and inguinal lymph node chain

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5
Q

_____ branches off after passing thorugh femoral canal

A

saphenous vein

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6
Q

what are 3 main nerves of lower leg

A

obturatior (from L plexus)
femoral ( L plexus)
Sciatic (sacral plexus)

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7
Q

all motor and almost all sensory below knee innervated by___

A

sciatic

however saphenous n. carries some sensory here

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8
Q

lumbar plexus forms the ____

A

femoral n. anterior

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9
Q

lumbar plexus serves the

A

anterior compartment of the thigh

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10
Q

lumbar plexus is

A

L2,3, 4

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11
Q

what does lumbosacral plexus form?

A

posterior portion of sciatic n.

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12
Q

what does lumbosacral plexus supply?

A

posterior compartments of thigh AND lower leg

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13
Q

what is “retractor” nerve injury

A

stretch / compression of pelvic nerves:

femoral, obturator, genitofemoral

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14
Q

positioning nerve injury with lateral leg pressure

A

fibular n. compression

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15
Q

what does femoral artery travel through?

A

adductor canal

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16
Q

femoral artery changes name to ____ as it enters the ___ fossa

A

popliteal (artery)

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17
Q

obturator artery is a branch off of what?

A

the anterior division of the internal iliac artery

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18
Q

obturator artery travels through what?

A

obturator foramen and gives blood supply to adductor muscles and to the femoral head collaterally

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19
Q

— is the cannulation site for cardiac procedures

A

femoral triangle

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20
Q

lower leg has a ___ compartment in addition to ant and post and
upper leg has a ___ compartment in addition to ant and post

A

lower leg has: medial compartment

upper leg has a: lateral compartment

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21
Q

muscles of lower leg ant. compartment

A

anterior tibialis, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus brevis
digitorum longus? and tibialis postioer muscle and flexor halliucis muscle

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22
Q

lateral ll compartment muscles

A

peroneus longus muscle

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23
Q

posterior compartment

A

gastrocnemius muscle, soleus muscle

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24
Q

nerve of anterior compartment

A

deep fibular nerve

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25
Q

n. superficial and deep post

A

tibial n.

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26
Q

n. of lateral compartment

A

superficial peroneal n

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27
Q

sural n. braches off

A

tibal and common fibular n.

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28
Q

tom dick and harry muscles live in

A

deep posterior compartment lower leg

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29
Q

ticep surae, gastroc, soleus and plataris live

A

superficial post comp

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30
Q

fibularis longus and fibularis brevis live

A

lat compartment

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31
Q

peroneal n aka

A

superficial nerve

32
Q

syndesmosis flexibility depends on

A

length of fibers

33
Q

synarthrosis phiarthrosis

A

immovable joint

34
Q

amphiarthroses

A

slightly movable joints

35
Q

diarthroses

A

freely movable joints

36
Q

4 possible joint structures

A

bony fusions, fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

37
Q

2 kinds of cartilaginous jts

A

synchondroses, sympheses

38
Q

cartilaginous joints do not have

A

a joint cavity they are 2 bones that articulate with cartilage

39
Q

syncondroses

A

epiphyseal plate

first rib and manubrium

40
Q

symphysis

A

intervertebral discs

pubic symphesis

41
Q

synovial joint has

A

hyaline art. cartilage
joint cavity with synovial fluid

jt capsule 2 layers (outer: fibrous cap, inner: synovial membrane)

supporting ligaments
nerves
blood vessels

42
Q

what does a articular capsule line?

A

areas of jt that are not covered by cartilage

43
Q

synovial fluid is ___ filtrate full of ___

A

blood filtrate with glycoproteins

44
Q

role of synovial fluid

A

lubricate joint and nourishes cartilage

45
Q

where do joint blood rge capillary supply come from?

A

vessels from overlying muscles

large capillary beds present in synovial membrane - similar to choroid

46
Q

joint nerves sense

A

pain and stretch

47
Q

ligaments can only stretch ___ before they tear and once they…

A

6% before tear. once stretched stay stretched

48
Q

synovial goints do…

A

gliding, angular mvmts, rotation etc.

49
Q

plane joint

A

knee - femur and patella - gliding

50
Q

hing joint

A

knee - femur and tibia - biaxial

51
Q

pivot joint

A

C1 and C2

52
Q

condyloid jt

A

elbow?

53
Q

saddle

A

thumb?

54
Q

ball and socket

A

glenohumeral

55
Q

3 ligaments on femur head

A

iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral

56
Q

ligament teres

A

head of femur into acetabulum

also carries its artery (medial femoral circumflex? )

57
Q

___largest and most complex jt we have

A

knee joint .. at least dozen bursa!

58
Q

acl inserts on the

A

anterior intercondylar area to lateral condyle femur

59
Q

pcl

A

post intercondylar to medial condyle femur

60
Q

tarsus is..

A

cluster of 7 bones between tibial and metatarsals

61
Q

7 bones of tarsus

A

calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, cuneiform

62
Q

during walking.. talus distributes about half the weight to the ____ the rest to the other tarsal bones

A

calcaneous

63
Q

distal tib/ fib jt has no..

A

true motion - ligaments hold together

64
Q

talocrural jt is

A

lateral and medial mallelos and talus

plantar and dorsiflexion

65
Q

hind foot jts..

A

subtalar jt: talus and calcaneus: inversion and eversion

66
Q

medial ligament of hindfoot

A

deltoid ligament

67
Q

bones of mid foot

A

navicular cuboid and 3 cuniformes

68
Q

inernal arch aka

A

longitudinal medial and alteral

69
Q

transverse arch

A

anterior arch

70
Q

plantar aponeurosis helps maintain the __ arch

A

the medial longitudinal arch of foot

71
Q

transverse arch formed by ___

A

5 metatarsal bones

72
Q

plantar fasciitis aka

A

stone branch

73
Q

risk factors for plantar fascitis

A

female, overweight, inflex calf muscles, flat or high arches

74
Q

flexor retinaculum

A

located on medial aspect of heel

75
Q

extensor retinaculum

A

superior and inferior - around top of ankle and early post talus/ calcenus

Patho 2 Final MSK (4 decks)

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