Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Alimentry > Lower GI pathology > Flashcards

Lower GI pathology Flashcards

1
Q

The turnover of the large is faster than the small, true or false

A

False,
Large 7 days
Small is 4-5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is the small and large bowel peristalsis mediated in terms in innveration

A

Intrinsic- myenteric

Extrinsic- autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s ar the different plexus of the myenteric plexus

A

Meisseners plexus

Auerbach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the meisseners plexus located

A

Base of submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is th Auerbach plexus located

A

Betweeen the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of muscularis propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the different pathological features of IBD

A 
UC
CD
RC 
Ischemic colitis 
Appendicitis 
*if you don’t know what these stand for get yo shite together
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does it mean by “idiopathic IBD”

A

Does not need infective primer

It’s your immune system usually going fucking mental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Of IBD what are the two main diseases

A

CD and UC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a disease associate with NOD2 gene

A

CD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a disease assoicated with HLA gene

A

UC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How might someone with suspected IBD be diagnosed

A

Clinical history
Radiography examination CT
Blood to detect antibody pANCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Patients with positive pANCA is more likely to be CD, true or false

A

False,
CD -11%
UC- 75

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe a clinical profile for someone with UC

A 
Large only 
No gender bias
Peaks 20-30, 70-80
Pancolitis = whole colon
Can spread to small= backwash ileitis 
Appendix can be involved 
Systemic malformations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the histological signs of someone with UC

A

Ulceration
Limited to mucosa and sub
No granulomatous
Fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does having UC and CD increase risk of and why

A

Cancer

Consistent damage leads to repair therefore more division leading to increased risk of mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are th complications with someone with UC

A

Haemorrhage >anaemia
Perforation
Toxic dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe a clinical profile for CD

A 
Any level of GIT 
again systemic malformations like UC
Gender bias, females cause we get every fucking disease
Peaks 20-30, 60-70
More common in Jewish Caucasians
18
Q

When looking at the bowel, what would you see in someone with CD look like

A

Segements of normal and gross bowel

19
Q

Histolgoical what are the features of CD

A

Non- caseating granulomatous

Fibrosis

20
Q

Need to learn difference between CD and UC

A

See slide

21
Q

Can ischemic enteritis effect both large and small instesine

A

Yes- depends on vessels

22
Q

What is better acute or chronic occlusion in reference to infarction

A

Non is smashing
But
A gradual occlusion allows time for the vessels to get there shite together, rearrange and cope “ANASTOMIC CIRCULATION
Acute they be like what’s happening and infarction occurs, this occurs if it happens in the big three

23
Q

What are the causes of ischemia

A

Arterial thrombosis
Arterial embolism
Non -occlusive like cardiac failure, so vessels be ok but the heart or blood is not

24
Q

Where in the large intestine is vunverable to acute ischemia

A

Splenic fletcher

25
Q

Describe acute ischaemia in its progression and how this relates histolgically

A

See necrosis
At first non- inflammatory
But as wall is lost, bacteria can infiltrate
Vascular dilation occurs

26
Q

In chronic ischaemia, what is occurring

A 
Muscosal inflammation 
Ulceration 
Submucosal inrlammation 
Fibrosis 
Stricter
27
Q

What is radiation colitis

A

When someone has had therapy which results in impairment of normal prolifative barrier
This is dose dependent

28
Q

Why are the cells in the intestines so prone to radiotherapy

A

Constantly dividing

29
Q

What are the symptoms of radiation colitis

A

Camps, anorexia, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea , malabsorption

30
Q

What is a likely cause of appendicitis

A

Obstruction example worms

31
Q

What is the pathology of appendicitis

A

Increased intraluminal pressure can lead to ischaemia

32
Q

What is dysplasia

A

Epithelial cells dividing out of control loosing specificity
Precursor to cancer

33
Q

In relation to dysplasia what are the 3 types of Adenoma

A

Tubular - glands
Villus- develop from cells in the villi
Tubulovillous - both

34
Q

In relation to dysplasia, which adenoma is most common

A

Tubular - 90%

35
Q

Histologically what are the difference in features of high grade and low grade dysplasia

A

Low grade = increased nuclear size and number but lower mucin
High grade = same but more irregular
Both appear dark and busy, just a mess really

36
Q

What is the most common colorectal canc r

A

Adenocarcinomas

37
Q

What are risk factors for adenocarcinomas

A

Lifestyle
Family history
IBD
genetics

38
Q

What are considered genetic risk factor for adenocarcinoma

A

FAP= familial adenomatous polyposis
HNPCC = herediary non polyposis colorectal cancer
Peutz- Jeghers

39
Q

Colorectal andnocarcinoma can be divided into right and left sided, describe the diff

A

R- grow large before causing a problem, exophytic, anemia , bleeding (old blood), vague pain, weakness, obstruction

L- annular (ring lesion) , bleeding fresh blood, altered bowl habit (constipation then diahhrea), obstruction

40
Q

What scale is used alternatively to TNM for colorectal

A

Dukes

Alimentry (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions