Lower extremity Pathology

Question 1

Evaluation positions for DDH

Answer 1

Coronoal neutral or corneal flexion positions (optional stress measurements)

Question 2

How are DDH images evaulated

Answer 2

Line drawn from the flat ilium covers at least 50% of the head and an acetabular alpha angle is greater than 60%

Question 3

Alpha angle

Answer 3

Between the lateral line and the acetabular roof line

Question 4

Beta angle

Answer 4

measures the angle between the lateral ilium baseline and a line drawn through the hyperechoic lateral tip from the lateral acetabulum

Question 5

Ossified acetabulum

Answer 5

Hyperechoic with shadowing

Question 6

Unossified femoral head and triradiate cartilage is s

Answer 6

Speckled and hypoechoic

Question 7

Joint effusion

Answer 7

Distension of the joint recess over the femoral neck

Question 8

To diagnose joint effusion

Answer 8

Abnormal joint distension in a child is 2mm of separation of the anterior and posterior capsule layers over the anterior femoral neck

In adults, distension of 7mm or 1mm of asymmetry

Question 9

Imaging of the femoral neck perpendicular eliminates….

Answer 9

Anisotropy

Question 10

Effusion appearance

Answer 10

Anechoic to hyperechoic (if synovial hypertrophy or complex fluid from hemorrhage or infection)