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Musculoskeletal Sonography > Introduction to MSK ultrasound > Flashcards

Introduction to MSK ultrasound Flashcards

1
Q

Why is ultrasound beneficial?

A 
Inexpensive
Fast
Effective 
No radiation 
Good for soft tissue and bony cortex
Dynamic
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2
Q

what are indications for MSK sonography 1

A

Pain, swelling

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3
Q

what are indications for MSK sonography 2

A

Trauma

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4
Q

what are indications for MSK sonography 3

A

Decreased range of motion, lost mobility

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5
Q

what are indications for MSK sonography 4

A

Evaluation of soft tissue masses

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6
Q

what are indications for MSK sonography 5

A

Weakness, instability, tingling, numbness, neurological issues

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7
Q

what are indications for MSK sonography 6

A

Foreign body identification/location

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8
Q

what are indications for MSK sonography 7

A

Post operative monitoring

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9
Q

MSK sonography can easily identify what?

A

Small, undisplaced rib fractures

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10
Q

what type of transducer is used with ultrasound

A

High frequency transducer

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11
Q

Long Axis

A

Along fibers

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12
Q

Short axis

A

Across Fibers

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13
Q

Small Footprint Linear

A

ideal for imaging the hand, ankle and foot given the contours of the body part

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14
Q

Heel-Toe

A

Transducer is rocked or angled along the long axis of the transducer

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15
Q

Toggle

A

Transducer is rocked or angled side to side

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16
Q

Translate

A

Transducer is moved to a new location

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17
Q

Sweep

A

Used when the transducer is slid from side to side

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18
Q

How many basic steps of MSK ultrasound

A

three

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19
Q

Step number one of MSK ultrasound

A

Image the structure of interest in the long axis and short axis

20
Q

Step number two of MSK ultrasound

A

Eliminate artifacts (anisotrophy)

21
Q

Step number three of MSK ultrasound

A

Characterization of pathology

22
Q

High frequency transducers

A

Best for superficial structures

23
Q

Normal tendons appearance

A

hyperechoic with fiber like (fibrillar) echotexture

24
Q

Linear Fibrillar echoes

A

Endotendineum septa (contain connective tissue, elastic fibers, nerve endings, blood and lymph vessels)

25
Q

When are continuous tendon fibers best appreciated?

A

When they are imaged long axis to the tendon

26
Q

Short axis tendon fibers

A

Normal hyperechoic tendon fibers appear as bristles of a brush seen on end

27
Q

what is hypoechoic muscle tissue separated by?

A

fine hyperechoic fibroadipose septa

28
Q

what is fine hyperechoic fibroadipose septa also known as

A

Perimysium (Surrounds bundles of hypoechoic muscle bundles)

29
Q

Surface of bone

A

Very hyperechoic with posterior acoustic shadowing and posterior reverberation

30
Q

Hyaline cartilage covering the articular surface of bone

A

Hypoechoic and uniform

31
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Hyperechoic

32
Q

Ligaments

A

Hyperechoic, striated appearance (More compact compared to tendons)

33
Q

when are ligaments identified

A

Connect two osseous structures

34
Q

Normal peripheral nerves

A

Fascicular appearance in which the individual nerve fascicles are hypoechoic surrounded by the hyperechoic connective tissue epineurium

35
Q

Hyperechoic fat is seen where

A

typically seen around larger peripheral nerves

36
Q

what is the appearances of nerves in short axis

A

Honeycomb or speckled appearance

37
Q

what occurs with peripheral nerves

A

Mixed hyperechoic and hypoechoic echotexture, therefore their appearance changes relative to the adjacent tissues

38
Q

Epidermis and dermis

A

Hyperechoic

39
Q

Hypodermis

A

Hypoechoic fat and hyperechoic fibrous septa

40
Q

what are the three kinds of joints

A

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, synovial

41
Q

immovable joints

A

Synarthrosis

42
Q

slightly moveable

A

Amphiarthrosis

43
Q

widely movable

A

Synovial

44
Q

Sutures

A

most common in Skulls

Completely immovable

45
Q

Types of synarthrosis joints

A

Sutures
Gomphosis
Synchondrosis
Synostosis

Musculoskeletal Sonography (8 decks)

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