Lower Extremity Joints I Flashcards
What does the synovial membrane cover?
all the interior places that aren’t covered by Articular Cartlidge
What are the 3 Extracapsular Ligaments of the Hip?
Iliofemoral L
Pubofemoral L
Ischiofemoral L
What are the Relative Strengths of the 3 Extracapsular L.s?
STRONGEST
1) Iliofemoral L. (SUPER STRONG)
2) Pubofemoral L.
3) Ischiofemoral L.
WEAKEST
Where is the Iliofemoral L attaching?
Going from AIIS to Intertrochanteric Line
What does the Iliofemoral L. prevent?
Prevents Hyperextension of Hip
Where is the Pubofemoral L. attaching?
Obturator crest to Iliofemoral L.
What does the Pubofemoral L. prevent?
Prevents Hyper Abduction of Hip
Where is the Ischiofemoral L attaching?
From Ischial part of acetabular rim to medial greater trochanter
What are the 4 Intracapsular L.(s) of the Hip?
Zona Orbicularis
Ligamentum Teres
Transverse Acetabular L.
Labrum
Where does Zona Orbicularis run?
Runs perpendicular to extracapsular L. - and around Femoral neck.
What is the Acetabular Labrum a part of? and what does this do?
its an extension of the Acetabular Ridge - so the head of femur can sit inside the acetabulum better
What forms the Bottom of the Acetabulum?
The Transverse Acetabular L.
allows vessels to get to head of femur
Where is the Ligamentum Teres Located?
Right at the Fovea of the Head of the Femur
Ligamentum Teres has what running with it?
An Artery (Division of Obturator A) that in childhood supplies the head of the femur - but as we get older the Medial Circumflex Femoral A does and this artery dies.
-Bo Jackson didn’t have that connection die
Which Dislocation of the hip is most common?
what are the common signs?
Posterior Dislocation
-Flexed, Internally Rotated, Adducted
What are the Clinical Hip Tests?
Where is the Lateral (Fibular) Collateral L located?
on Lateral Femoral Condyle and to Lateral head of Fibula
(splits Biceps Femoris - and runs over popliteus m.)
Where is the Anterolateral L?
Comes from Lateral Condyle of the Femur down to just lateral of Girdies Tubercle
-prevents excessive tibial internal rotation
Where is the Medial Collateral L.?
And what is it directly attached to?
Goes from Medial Epicondyle down to tibia
it is directly attached to Medial Miniscus (both tear together!)
What 2 ligaments are on the posterior side of the knee?
what do they both do?
Oblique and Arcuate Popliteal L(s).
both underneath Gastrocnemius - reinforce posterior aspect of joint.
What are the two most important L.(s) of the knee?
Anterior Cruciate L. (WEAKER/ Worse Bl. Supply)
Posterior Cruciate L. (STRONGER/Better Bl. Supply)
What are the Menisci of the Knee? and Describe the interactions of these?
Medial Meniscus
Lateral Meniscus
– it all acts as (shock absorbers) – and connects with Transverse L of Knee
What are the components of the Unhappy Triad (Of O’Donahue)
Lateral Forces can tear these three things (tear together)
ACL
MCL
Medial Mensicus
What are the Clinical Knee Exam Test(s)?
Varus Stress Test (Test LCL)
Valgus Stress Test (Test MCL)
Lachman’s Test (Test ACL and PCL)
Anterior/Posterior Drawer Test (Test ACL/PCL)
McMurry Test (Test’s Lateral/Medial Meniscus)
Apley Grind Test (Test ACL/PCL)
What are the things acting as “Ligaments” of the feet?
Superior Extensor Retinaculum
Inferior Extensor Retinaculum
(Plantar Aponeurosis - 5 extensions going to digits)
What 4 parts make up the Deltoid L?
Anterior Tibiotalar
Tibionavicular
Tibiocalcaneal
Posterior Tibiotalar
What is a Pott’s Fx Dislocation?
From Eversion of Ankle!
Deltoid L too strong to tear, so you break of a part of medial Malelous and this breaks the Fibula.
What are the Arches of the Foot?
Medial and Lateral Longitudinal Arch (calcaneus is apart of both arches!)
Transverse Arch
