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Musculoskeletal + skin > Lower extremity injuries (Lumbosacral plexus) > Flashcards

Lower extremity injuries (Lumbosacral plexus) Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of injury for superior gluteal nerve

A

IM injection to upper medial gluteal region

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2
Q

Complications of lunate fracture

A

Cmopressoin of median nerve (carpal tunnel syndrome)

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3
Q

Landmark used for pudendal nerve block during childbirth

A

Ischial spine

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4
Q

Femoral nerve sensory + motor innervation

A

Sensory: Anterior thigh + medial leg/ foot

Motor: Quadriceps + iliopsoas

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5
Q

Why does thenar eminence atrophy but sensation spared in carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Palmar cutaneous branch from median nerve enters hand external to the carpal tunnel

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6
Q

Nerve affected in colles fracture

A

Median nerve

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7
Q

Iliohypogastric nerve

A

T12-L1

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8
Q

Sensory + motor innervation of pudendal nerve

A

Sensory- perineum

Motor- external urethral + anal sphincters

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9
Q

Presentation of common peroneal nerve injury

A

Foot drop (deep peroneal nerve) + foot inveresion (superficial peroneal nerve)

Loss of sensation on dorsum of foot

Steppage gait- exaggerated hip and knee flexion due to foot drop

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10
Q

Obturator nerve motor + sensory innervations

A

Sensory: Medial thigh

Motor:

  • Adductors (adductor longus, brevis, magnus): adducts thigh at the hip
  • Gracilis: Adducts thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee, helps rotate knee medially (crosses knee while seated)
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11
Q

Tibial nerve

A

L4-S3

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12
Q

Nerve affected in supracondylar fracture

A

Median + possibly radial

(Also brachial artery)

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13
Q

Mechansim of injury to common peroneal nerve

A

Fibular neck fracture blow to leg, compressoin of lateral aspect of leg (e.g. tight leg casts, prolonged lying during surgery)

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14
Q

Mechanisms of sciatic nerve injury

A

Herniated disc, posterior hip dislocation (most common)

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15
Q

Sciatic nerve sensory + motor innervations

A

Sensory: posterior thigh + leg

Motor: muscles of posterior thigh / hamstringes; extends thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee

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16
Q

Nerves of femoral nerve

A

L2-L4

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17
Q

Sensory + motor innervation of tibial nerve

A

Sensory: sole of foot

Motor:

posterior compartment muscles- plantarflexes foot, inverts foot

Foot flexor muscles

18
Q

Signs + sx of femoral nerve injury

A

Motor: Weak hip flexion (iliopsoas), Loss of knee extension + Atrophy of quads

Sensory loss: Loss of sensation in anterior thigh/ medial leg/foot

Quadriceps gait

19
Q

Iliohypogastric nerve motor + sensory innervation

A

Sensory: suprapubic region

Motor: transversus abdominis + internal oblique

20
Q

Signs + sx of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Compression of median nerve leads to paresthesia, pain, numbness in distribution of median nerve

Thenar eminence atrophy but sensation is spared (palmar cutnaeous branch enters hand extenral to carpal tunneL)

21
Q

Signs + sx of inferior gluteal nerve injury

A

Difficulty climbing stairs, rising from seated position (loss of hip extension)

Gluteus maximus gait: pt keeps weight back during heel strike to prevent body from swinging forward due to momentum

22
Q

Mechansim of injury to tibial nerve

A

Knee trauma + Baker cysts (proximal lesion)

Tarsal tunnel syndrome (distal lesion)

23
Q

Mechanism of femoral nerve injury

A
  • Pelvic fracture
  • Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma (psoas muscle)- leads to femoral nerve compression
24
Q

Mechanism of inferior gluteal nerve injury

A

Posterior hip dislocation

25
Q

Presentation of tibial nerve injury

A

All of muscles in back of leg + sole of foot paralyzed- opposing muscles dorsiflex foot at ankle + evert the foot (can’t stand on tiptopes)

Inability to curl toes

Loss of sensation on sole

26
Q

Common peroneal nerve

A

L4-S2

27
Q

Nerves of obturator nerve

A

L2-L4

28
Q

Signs + sx of sciatic nerve injury

A

Sensory: below knee involves entire peroneal, tibial, sural territories (most significant finding)

Motor: Foot drop, wasting of calf muscles, loss of Achilles reflex (paralysis of muscles supplied by tibial + common peroneal nerves)

29
Q

Signs + sx of superior gluteal nerve injuy

A

Positive Tredelengberg gait: inability to keep pelvis level when standing on one foot or during gait; lesion is contralateral to the side of hip that drops

30
Q

Mechanism of injury of pudendal nerve + presentation

A

Mechanism: strethc injury during childbirth

Presentation: decreased sensation in perineum + genital area; can cause fecal or urinary incontinence

31
Q

Inferior guteal nerve sensory + motor innervation

A

Sensory: none

Motor: gluteus maximus; major extensor of hip joint

32
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

L4-S3

Two nerves (tibial nerve + common peroneal nerve) that separate just proximal to popliteal fossa

33
Q

Nerves of superior gluteal nerve

A

L4-S1

34
Q

Pudendal nerve

A

S2-S4

35
Q

Signs + sx of obturator nerve injury

A

Loss of sensation in medial thigh + loss of thigh adduction

36
Q

Description of posterior hip dislocation

A

Right hip flexed, internally rotated, adducted

37
Q

Nerves of inferior gluteal nerve

A

L5-S2

38
Q

Superior gluteal nerve sensory + motor innervation

A

Sensory: none

Motor: Gluteus minimus + medius– keeps pelvis level when opposite level off the ground

39
Q

Common peroneal nerve sensory + motor innervation

A

Sensory: dorsum of foot, lateral portion of lower leg

Motor:

  • deep peroneal nerve- anterior compartment of leg; dorsiflexion of foot + extension of toes
  • Superficial peroneal nerve- lateral comparment of leg; everts foot
40
Q

Mechansim of injury of iliohypogastric nerve + presentation

A

Abdominal surgery; burning or tinglign pain in surgical incision site radiating to inguinal/suprapubic region

Musculoskeletal + skin (12 decks)

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