lower extremity bone info Flashcards
3 functions of lower extremity
- support weight of body
- provide stable foundation while standing
- allow locomotion
the pelvic bone consists of a single bone on each side known as the?
innominate bone
what are the 3 parts of the innominate bone?
ilium, ischium, pubis
what age does the pelvic bone fuse?
18-20
what is the horseshoe shaped articular surface of the acetabulum?
lunar surface
what is the rough non-articular center portion of the acetabulum?
acetabular fossa
what piece of connective tissue bridges the acetabular notch?
transverse acetabular ligament
what are the 3 oblique lines on the external or lateral surface of the ilium?
anterior, posterior and gluteal lines- these are the bony origins of the gluteal muscles
where each innominate bone articulates with the sacrum is known as the?
auricular surface
where is the boundary between the true and false pelvis marked?
arcuate line
the pelvic brim is formed from what?
the arcuate line of each innominate bone
what is the small notch just below the ischial spine?
lesser sciatic notch
what is the most inferior portion of the ischium?
the ramus
another name for pubis symphysis?
symphyseal surface
the superior ramus of the pubis terminates as the?
iliopubic eminence
a prominent ridge of the superior ramus of the pubis is known as the?
pubic pecten
the inferior ramus extends posterior and inferior to join the?
ramus of the ischium
what piece of connective tissue closes the obturator foramen?
obturator membrane
which pelvis helps support and protect much of the abdominal viscera?
false or major pelvis
which pelvis surrounds the birth canal in females?
true or minor pelvis
the differences between and male and female pelvis is known as?
sexual dimorphism
typical male pelvis
android pelvis
typical female pelvis
gynecoid pelvis
exaggerated male pelvis
anthropoid pelvis
exaggerated female pelvis
platypelloid pelvis
the features of the pelvic bone most likely to be fractured: (4)
pubic rami
acetabulum
region of sacroiliac joint
lateral aspect of ilium
what is known as a common painful contusion injury of the soft tissue associated with the iliac crest?
hip pointers- common in contact sports and usually result in painful hematoma
what are the 3 primary ossification centers of the pelvic bone?
ilium, ischium and pubis
what are the 5 secondary ossification centers for the pelvic bone?
iliac crest, ASIS, AIIS, ischial tuberosity, pubis symphysis and center of acetabulum
what age is pelvic ossification complete?
between 20-22 years
what is the length of the femur?
1/4 of the body or average 18 inches
the head of the femur has a depression known as the fovea capitis which is the attachment for what?
capitis femoris ligament
the angle at which the constricted neck of the femur meets the shaft of the bone is called?
the angle of inclination
where the greater trochanter of the femur meets the neck is a deep pit called?
the trochanteric fossa
the trochanters of the femur are joined posteriorly by what?
the intertrochanteric crest
the intertrochanteric line on the femur continues on the posterior aspect of the shaft as the?
spiral line
a faint line or ridge found just inferior to the lesser trochanter is called?
pectineal line
a roughened line found inferior to the greater trochanter is the?
gluteal line or gluteal tuberosity
the spiral, gluteal and pectineal lines come together to form the?
linea aspera
what is the primary ossification center of the femur?
the shaft
what are the 4 secondary ossification centers of the femur?
head, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter and distal end (condyles and epicondyles)
when is femur ossification complete?
15 years in females and 17.5 years in males
when is the angle of inclination greatest?
at birth (145 degrees) and diminishes to adulthood at about 125 degrees when the bone is ossified
what is the function of the angle of inclination?
greater mobility at the hip joint by increasing leverage
what is an increase in angle of inclination called?
coxa valga- which can occur with developmental dysplasia of the hip
what is a decrease in angle of inclination called?
coxa vara- occurs in fractures of proximal part of femur (rickets)
-mild shortening of affected limbs
a fracture through the neck of the femur is known as?
subcaptical fracture- “broken hip”
subcapital fractures are most common due to?
osteoporosis- especially women due to estrogen def.
degeneration of the head of the femur due to interruption of blood supply is called?
avascular necrosis
the head of the femur is supplied by which artery?
obturator artery
the neck of the femur is supplied by which artery?
branches of the femoral artery (medial and lateral circumflex arteries)
primary function of the patella is?
knee extension
when and where does ossification of the patella take place?
a single center which appears in the 3rd year and is ossified by 10 in females and 13 in males
direct trauma fractures of the patella usually result in?
comminuted and displaced type fractures
indirect trauma fractures of the patella are usually the result of?
quad muscles contracting suddenly and causing transverse fracture through the body of the bone; can be displaced or non-displaced
symptoms of fractured patella
- severe pain
- swelling and tenderness
3 inability to carry out extension of knee
a patella which the superior lateral portion of the bone remains unossified is called
patella emarginata
a patella in which the superior lateral portion ossifies independently is known as?
bipartite or tripartite patella- occurs in 3% of population and not to be confused with fracture of patella
softening and fissuring of the articular cartilage of the posterior aspect of patella is known as
chondromalacia
chondromalacia is common in young adults and the usual causes are?
trauma, overuse or muscle weakness which causes misalignment
