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gross 1 exam 3 > lower extremity bone info > Flashcards

lower extremity bone info Flashcards

1
Q

3 functions of lower extremity

A
  1. support weight of body
  2. provide stable foundation while standing
  3. allow locomotion
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2
Q

the pelvic bone consists of a single bone on each side known as the?

A

innominate bone

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3
Q

what are the 3 parts of the innominate bone?

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

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4
Q

what age does the pelvic bone fuse?

A

18-20

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5
Q

what is the horseshoe shaped articular surface of the acetabulum?

A

lunar surface

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6
Q

what is the rough non-articular center portion of the acetabulum?

A

acetabular fossa

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7
Q

what piece of connective tissue bridges the acetabular notch?

A

transverse acetabular ligament

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8
Q

what are the 3 oblique lines on the external or lateral surface of the ilium?

A

anterior, posterior and gluteal lines- these are the bony origins of the gluteal muscles

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9
Q

where each innominate bone articulates with the sacrum is known as the?

A

auricular surface

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10
Q

where is the boundary between the true and false pelvis marked?

A

arcuate line

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11
Q

the pelvic brim is formed from what?

A

the arcuate line of each innominate bone

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12
Q

what is the small notch just below the ischial spine?

A

lesser sciatic notch

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13
Q

what is the most inferior portion of the ischium?

A

the ramus

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14
Q

another name for pubis symphysis?

A

symphyseal surface

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15
Q

the superior ramus of the pubis terminates as the?

A

iliopubic eminence

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16
Q

a prominent ridge of the superior ramus of the pubis is known as the?

A

pubic pecten

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17
Q

the inferior ramus extends posterior and inferior to join the?

A

ramus of the ischium

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18
Q

what piece of connective tissue closes the obturator foramen?

A

obturator membrane

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19
Q

which pelvis helps support and protect much of the abdominal viscera?

A

false or major pelvis

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20
Q

which pelvis surrounds the birth canal in females?

A

true or minor pelvis

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21
Q

the differences between and male and female pelvis is known as?

A

sexual dimorphism

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22
Q

typical male pelvis

A

android pelvis

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23
Q

typical female pelvis

A

gynecoid pelvis

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24
Q

exaggerated male pelvis

A

anthropoid pelvis

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25
Q

exaggerated female pelvis

A

platypelloid pelvis

26
Q

the features of the pelvic bone most likely to be fractured: (4)

A

pubic rami
acetabulum
region of sacroiliac joint
lateral aspect of ilium

27
Q

what is known as a common painful contusion injury of the soft tissue associated with the iliac crest?

A

hip pointers- common in contact sports and usually result in painful hematoma

28
Q

what are the 3 primary ossification centers of the pelvic bone?

A

ilium, ischium and pubis

29
Q

what are the 5 secondary ossification centers for the pelvic bone?

A

iliac crest, ASIS, AIIS, ischial tuberosity, pubis symphysis and center of acetabulum

30
Q

what age is pelvic ossification complete?

A

between 20-22 years

31
Q

what is the length of the femur?

A

1/4 of the body or average 18 inches

32
Q

the head of the femur has a depression known as the fovea capitis which is the attachment for what?

A

capitis femoris ligament

33
Q

the angle at which the constricted neck of the femur meets the shaft of the bone is called?

A

the angle of inclination

34
Q

where the greater trochanter of the femur meets the neck is a deep pit called?

A

the trochanteric fossa

35
Q

the trochanters of the femur are joined posteriorly by what?

A

the intertrochanteric crest

36
Q

the intertrochanteric line on the femur continues on the posterior aspect of the shaft as the?

A

spiral line

37
Q

a faint line or ridge found just inferior to the lesser trochanter is called?

A

pectineal line

38
Q

a roughened line found inferior to the greater trochanter is the?

A

gluteal line or gluteal tuberosity

39
Q

the spiral, gluteal and pectineal lines come together to form the?

A

linea aspera

40
Q

what is the primary ossification center of the femur?

A

the shaft

41
Q

what are the 4 secondary ossification centers of the femur?

A

head, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter and distal end (condyles and epicondyles)

42
Q

when is femur ossification complete?

A

15 years in females and 17.5 years in males

43
Q

when is the angle of inclination greatest?

A

at birth (145 degrees) and diminishes to adulthood at about 125 degrees when the bone is ossified

44
Q

what is the function of the angle of inclination?

A

greater mobility at the hip joint by increasing leverage

45
Q

what is an increase in angle of inclination called?

A

coxa valga- which can occur with developmental dysplasia of the hip

46
Q

what is a decrease in angle of inclination called?

A

coxa vara- occurs in fractures of proximal part of femur (rickets)

-mild shortening of affected limbs

47
Q

a fracture through the neck of the femur is known as?

A

subcaptical fracture- “broken hip”

48
Q

subcapital fractures are most common due to?

A

osteoporosis- especially women due to estrogen def.

49
Q

degeneration of the head of the femur due to interruption of blood supply is called?

A

avascular necrosis

50
Q

the head of the femur is supplied by which artery?

A

obturator artery

51
Q

the neck of the femur is supplied by which artery?

A

branches of the femoral artery (medial and lateral circumflex arteries)

52
Q

primary function of the patella is?

A

knee extension

53
Q

when and where does ossification of the patella take place?

A

a single center which appears in the 3rd year and is ossified by 10 in females and 13 in males

54
Q

direct trauma fractures of the patella usually result in?

A

comminuted and displaced type fractures

55
Q

indirect trauma fractures of the patella are usually the result of?

A

quad muscles contracting suddenly and causing transverse fracture through the body of the bone; can be displaced or non-displaced

56
Q

symptoms of fractured patella

A
  1. severe pain
  2. swelling and tenderness
    3 inability to carry out extension of knee
57
Q

a patella which the superior lateral portion of the bone remains unossified is called

A

patella emarginata

58
Q

a patella in which the superior lateral portion ossifies independently is known as?

A

bipartite or tripartite patella- occurs in 3% of population and not to be confused with fracture of patella

59
Q

softening and fissuring of the articular cartilage of the posterior aspect of patella is known as

A

chondromalacia

60
Q

chondromalacia is common in young adults and the usual causes are?

A

trauma, overuse or muscle weakness which causes misalignment

gross 1 exam 3 (6 decks)

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