clinical aspects

Question 1

what is a dense sheath that prevents thigh muscles from bulging outward during contraction?

Answer 1

fascia lata- enhances effectiveness of contraction

Question 2

the iliotibial tract is the thickened lateral aspect of the fascia lata which receives insertions from what?

Answer 2

tensor fascia lata and gluteus maximus muscles

Question 3

what is the opening found in the proximal anterior aspect of the fascia lata and what passes through to reach termination at the femoral vein?

Answer 3

the saphenous opening for the great saphenous vein to reach the femoral vein

Question 4

what symptoms do ITBS have?

Answer 4

stinging pain at the lateral aspect of the knee

Question 5

what is a common cause of ITBS?

Answer 5

overuse of the gluteus maximus muscle which pulls on the iliotibial tract causing inflammation and irritation

Question 6

weakness of the iliacus and psoas major muscles will result in disability of what activities?

Answer 6

stair climbing, walking up inclines, getting up from a sitting position

Question 7

atrophy of the quadriceps muscles will result in

Answer 7

• difficulty extending leg against resistance

- during walking, flexion at knee joint will be strained

Question 8

weakness of quadriceps can result in

Answer 8

abnormal patellar movements and loss of joint mobility

Question 9

a cramping or spasm of the quadriceps muscle is known as a?

Answer 9

charley horse

Question 10

an overuse injury of the common tendon of insertion of the quads or patellar ligament will result in?

Answer 10

jumper’s knee or patellar tendonitis

Question 11

patellar reflex is carried out by tapping the patellar ligament and tests segmental innervation of?

Answer 11

L2, L3, L4 if leg extends, they are functioning properly

Question 12

a strain of the iliopsoas is also known as a?

Answer 12

pulled groin (adductor strain)

Question 13

which bursae separates the superior part of the gluteus muscle from the greater trochanter?

Answer 13

trochanteric bursae

Question 14

which bursae separates the inferior part of the gluteal muscle from the ischial tuberosity?

Answer 14

ischial bursae

Question 15

weakness of the gluteus maximus muscle will cause patients to have difficulty doing what?

Answer 15

getting from sitting to standing, straightening from bending, walking uphill or up stairs

Question 16

when one suspects weakness or atrophy of the gluteus medius or minimus muscles you would use which test?

Answer 16

trendelenburg test

Question 17

a positive trendelenburg test would be shown when?

Answer 17

the pelvis and the gluteal fold will drop on the side that the foot is raised off the ground, showing the opposite side not functioning properly

Question 18

a type of abnormal locomotion due to atrophy or weakness of glut med and min is called?

Answer 18

gluteal or trendelenburg gait

Question 19

weakness of gluteus medius and minimus will also cause what?

Answer 19

postural deviations

Question 20

postural deviations result in a vertebral column deviating toward the side of the pelvis that is low which gives rise to?

Answer 20

“C” curve of the column- opening of the C toward the side where the muscle is weak

Question 21

a common cause of pain in the gluteal region comes from compression of what nerve by which muscle?

Answer 21

sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle- also known as sciatica

Question 22

lateral rotation of the femur is important for what?

Answer 22

controlling balance and posture

Question 23

a name given to describe the tendons of insertion of semitendinosus, gracilis and sartorius

Answer 23

pes anserinus

Question 24

which injury to the lower limb is twice as common as the quad strain?

Answer 24

pulled hamstring or hamstring strain

Question 25

what are the 4 contributing factors to a hamstring strain?

Answer 25

1. running style
2. overdeveloped quads
3. biomechanical factors
4. inadequate warm up and stretch

Question 26

forcible flexion of the hip when the knee is extended results in?

Answer 26

avulsion of the ischial tuberosity