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Procedures > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

For the mediolateral lateral projection of the calcaneus, where is the central ray directed?

A

1 inch distal to the medial malleolus

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2
Q

For the axial plantodorsal projection of the calcaneus, what angle is adjusted on the x-ray tube?

A

40 degrees

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3
Q

In a lateral projection of the third toe, where should the central ray be directed?

A

third proximal interphalangeal joint

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4
Q

In the AP oblique projection of the foot, what angle should the sole of the foot be rotated to?

A

30 degrees

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5
Q

In the axial plantodorsal projection of the calcaneus, where does the central ray enter?

A

the base of the 3rd metatarsal

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6
Q

For an AP projection of the foot, where is the central ray directed?

A

base of the 3rd metatarsal

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7
Q

What does a frontal projection of the ankle evaluate when the foot is in an inverted (pulled medially) position?

(Ankle stress view)

A

lateral collateral ligament

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8
Q

In an AP projection of the toes, how many degrees should the central ray be directed to best demonstrate the joint spaces?

A

15 degrees cephalic

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9
Q

What are the tangential projections (Lewis and Holly) of the foot used for?

A

evaluation of sesamoid bones

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10
Q

What specific part of the foot is evaluated with weight bearing lateral projections?

A

longitudinal arch

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11
Q

In the anteroposterior projection of the foot, how should the central ray be directed to demonstrate the joint spaces?

A

10 degrees posteriorly

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12
Q

What is the degree of central ray angulation for the axial plantodorsal projection of the os calcis?

A

40 degrees

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13
Q

What is another term for an AP projection of the foot?

A

dorsoplantar

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14
Q

What is the SID used for an AP axial projection weight bearing method of the foot?

A

48 inches

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15
Q

For a lateromedial projection of the ankle, where is the CR directed?

A

½ inch superior to the lateral malleolus

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16
Q

How do you check for rotation on an AP axial projection of the calcaneus?

A

the first or fifth metatarsals are not projected to the sides of the foot

17
Q

What are the two bones of the lower leg and their positions?

A
  • tibia - medial side
  • fibula - lateral side
18
Q

Where is the CR directed for the medial oblique (lateral rotation) projection of the foot?

A

base of the 3rd metatarsal

19
Q

Where is the CR directed for an AP projection of the ankle?

A

at the ankle joint midway between the malleoli

20
Q

How many degrees is the lower leg rotated for an oblique projection of the tibia and fibula?

A

45 degrees

21
Q

How many degrees is the ankle obliqued to show the tibiofibular articulation?

A

45 degrees

22
Q

How many degrees is the ankle obliqued to best demonstrate the ankle mortise joint?

A

15-20 degrees

23
Q

How is your patient positioned for the Lewis method of the sesamoid bones?

A

prone

24
Q

How is the central ray directed for an AP projection of the lower leg?

A

perpendicular

25
Q

For the Holly method of the sesamoid bones, the plantar surface of the foot should form an angle of how many degrees with the plane of the IR?

A

75 degrees

26
Q

Which projection of the foot will best demonstrate the longitudinal arch?

A

lateral weight-bearing

27
Q

In which projection of the foot are the sinus tarsi, cuboid, and tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal best demonstrated?

A

medial oblique foot

28
Q

What are the purposes of AP stress studies of the ankle?

1) to demonstrate fractures of the distal tibia and fibula
2) following inversion and eversion injuries
3) to demonstrate a ligament tear

A

2 and 3 only

29
Q

What is the angle used on the CR for the first and second projection in the weight bearing composite method AP axial projection of the foot?

A

1st - 15 degrees, 2nd - 25 degrees

30
Q

Which of the two projections of the weight bearing composite method requires an increase in exposure factors?

A

The second image (coming in from the back of the patient)

31
Q

What is the routinely done lateral projection of the lower leg?

A

Mediolateral

32
Q

Where is the central ray directed for an AP projection of the lower leg?

A

To the center of the leg

33
Q

For an AP projection of the knee, where is the CR directed?

A

½” inferior to the apex of the patella

34
Q

In the AP projection of the knee, what is the central ray angle if the patient measures 22 cm from ASIS to Table Top?

A

0 degrees (perpendicular)

35
Q

For the lateral projection of the knee, how many degrees should the knee be flexed?

A

20-30

36
Q

How is the CR directed for the lateral projection of the knee?

A

5-7 degrees cephalad

37
Q

Where does the CR enter for the lateral projection of the knee?

A

1” inferior to the medial epicondyle

Procedures (5 decks)

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