lower extremity Flashcards
keystone of pelvis
SACRUM
AKA POUPART’S LIGAMENT
INGUINAL LIG./GROIN LIGAMENT
2 head of rectus femoris
STRAIGHT HEAD AND REFLECTED HEAD
contussion to ASIS
HIP POINTER’S INJURY
muscle not supplied by femoral nerve but supplied by lumbar plexus
PSOAS
very special muscle of LE
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
divides pelvis into false and true pelvis
PELVIC BRIM
anterior- lower abs
posterior- lumbar spine
lateral- iliac fossa
FALSE PELVIS
anterior- symphysis pubis
posterior- sacral promontory
lateral- iliopectineal line
PELVIC BRIM
composed of pelvic inlet and outlet
TRUE PELVIS
horizontal line thru the inferior portion of acetabulum
HILGENREINER’S LINE
vertical line thru the lateral acetabulum to femur
PERKIN’S LINE
a curved line running from med. side of femur to inferior portion of pubis
SHENTON’S LINE
conduit for blood supply to the head of femur
LIGAMENTUM TERES
BS of head of femur in adults
medial and lateral circumflex artery
BS of head of femur in children
obturator artery aka foveal artery
aka cotyloid ligament
ACETABULAR LABRUM
it carries 25 % of body height
longest and largest bone in the body
FEMUR
also known as pocket muscle
TENSOR FASCIA LATAE
aka adductor’s canal/ subsartorial canal
HUNTER’S CANAL
deepest gluteal muscle
GMIN
largest lateral hip muscle
strongest hip abductor
known as deltoid of hip
GMED
grace-like muscle
only 2 jointed hip adductor
GRACILIS
only dually innervated ms in LE
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
most commonly strained adductor ms
most common cause of groin pain
ADDUCTOR LONGUS
aka tailor’s muscle
longest muscle
crossed leg sit muscle
SARTORIUS
involved in anterior pelvic tilt
most important hip flexor
only hip flexor that can flex the hip beyond 90 degrees
ILIOPSOAS
stability increases efficiency of quads reduces friction centralizes the forces of quads bony protection
FUNCTIONS OF PATELLA
largest sesamoid bone
3-5 years of life
within quadriceps tendon
PATELLA
most common injured facet
ODD AFCET
it is a small muscle that pulls the jt. capsule superiorly during knee extension
ARTICULARIS GENU
only 2 jointed quads ms
slr knee flexion and hip extension
RECTUS FEMORIS
largest among the vasti muscle
VASTUS LATERALIS
deepest ms at the back of the knee
unlocker of the knee
POPLITEUS
most common absent
aka freshman’s nerve
aka fisherman’s nerve
PLANTARIS
it is the largest knee joint capsule
KNEE JT. CAPSULE
aka remnants of synovium
thickening of synovium
PLICA
most common location of plica
INFRAPATELLAR
most common injured location of plica
MEDIOPATELLAR
aka knee joint
largest joint
TIBIOFEMORAL
ER of tibia in the last 20 degrees of knee extension to lock
can’t produce it nor prevent it
SCREW HOME MECHANISM/TERMINAL ROTATION OF KNEE
lateral pull of quads to the patella
landmarks : ASIS
mid patella
tibial tubercle
Q-ANGLE
normal value of q-angle: female
male
f: 18
m: 13
it is a fibrocartilage structure between tibia and femur
it deepens the joint
shock absorption
adds lubrication
prevents the capsule from intruding jt. space
and it is avascular
MENISCUS
blood supply of the inner portion of meniscus
white zone
poor blood supply
blood supply of the outer portion
red zone
well blood supply
c shape
deeper
less mobile
more injured
MEDIAL MENISCUS
o shape
shallow
more mobile
less injured
LATERAL MENISCUS
acl
medial meniscus
mcl
UNHAPPY TRIAD OF O’DONOGHUE/UNHOLY TRIAD/TERRIBLE TRIAD
aka tibial collateral ligament
MCL
aka fibular collateral ligament
LCL
large weight bearing bone
90%
TIBIA
contains the medial meniscus
TIBIAL CONDYLE
insertion: quads via ligamentum patella
affected in patients with osgood schlatter disease
TIBIAL TUBEROSITY
pressure tolerant area
MEDIAL TIBIAL FLARE
attachment of muscle or origin
anterior- shin
lateral- origin of tibialis anterior
posterior- soleus line
TIBIAL SHAFT
ceiling of ankle joint
PLAFOND
comminuted fx of plafond
PILON FRACTURE
shorter, located anteriorly
attachment of medial collateral ligament/deltoid ligament
MEDIAL MALLEOLUS
laterally located bone
long slender non weight bearing bone
attachment of leg muscles
not part of knee joint
FIBULA
insertion: biceps femoris
pressure sensitive area
FIBULAR HEAD
most common site of stress fracture
TIBIA
attachment of lateral collateral ligament
LATERAL MALLEOLUS
aka forgotten joint
PROXIMAL TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT
affected when patient has high ankle sprain/syndesmosis sprain
DISTAL TIBIOFIBULAR LIGAMENT
special test for high ankle sprain
KLEIGER’S TEST / ER STRESS TEST
prevents excessive posterior translation of fibula
ANTERIOR TIBIOFIBULAR LIGAMENT
