lower ext and back Flashcards
what are the components of the MSK exam
inspection, palpation, ROM, neurologic, special testing and osteopathic findings
how is the gait broken down into stance and swing
stance is 60% and swing is 40%
what thoracic spine level is the spine of the scapula a landmark for
T3
What thoracic spine level is the inferior angle of scapula a landmark for
T7
what lumbar spine level is the iliac crest a landmark for
L4
what are spinal nn are involved in the following Viscero-somatic reflexes SI Colon Bladder Ovaries/Testes Uterus Prostate
SI- T10-11 Colon- T12-L2 Bladder- T12-L2 Ovaries/testes- T10-11 Uterus T12-L2 Prostate T12- L2
Where is the most common area of injury or source of pain from lumbar spine
L5-S1
Pathology of the spine assoc with HLA B27 is most likely what
ankylosing spondylitis
What is known as the degenerative disc disease
osteoarthritis
what is the disease classified by thinning of the bone
osteoporosis
how do you test for osteoporosis
dexa scan
what is varus valgus of leg/hip
moving lower leg medially so varus will cause external rotation of hip
moving lower leg laterally so valgus will cause internal rotation of the hip
how do you inspect the inguinal lig
patient supine and place heel on opp knee then palpate ASIS
Where is true hip pain
deep inguinal not lateral
What is the trendelenbrug gait
when gluteus medius has lost its function
what is the ober test
IT band
what is the thomas test
poor flexion contractures due to tight iliopsoas
what is a buldge sing, balloon? and ballotting
buldge- minor effusion
balloon- large effusion
ballotting- large effusion
dome swelling over patella with tenderness is indicative of what
prepatellar bursitis
tenderness with active ROM compared to tenderness with active and passive ROM is what?
with active is tendonitis
with bursits is with equal active and passive
what is a cyst in the knee
bakers cyst in popliteal fossa
what is the patellofemoral grind test
compress patella against femur and have patient contract quad and assess for roughness of motion
what is the apprehension test of the knee
tests for dislocation or subluxation of patella, attempt to move patella laterally and observe patients face
how do you test ACL
anterior draw test
what is the lachman test
knee flexed at 15 degrees and externally rotated move in opp directions
how do you check for PCL tear
posterior drawer test
What is the apley compression test
patient prone with knee flexed 90
add compression and rotate heel to see if pain reproduced
How do you test the medial collateral ligament
valgus stress test which involves pushing knee medially and ankle laterally
How do you test the lateral collateral ligament
varus stress test which involves pushing knee laterally and ankle medially
What is the test to evaluate for DVT
Homan’s sign
How do you determine achilles rupture within 48 hours
thompson test by patient pron and leg bent at 90, squeeze calf and check for normal plantar flexion
What are the most common ankle sprains
Anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are around what joint
tibiotalar
inversion and eversiona re around what joint
talocalcaneal and subtalar
How are sprains ranked
first, second and third degree sprains
third is a full tear
What is the ottowa rule for suspicion of fracture
inability to bear weight after 4 steps or tenderness over posterior aspect of either malleolus
What is the difference of kleiger’s test and kleiger test
keliger’s test for syndesmosis
kleiger test is for deltoid
loss of longitudinal arch of foot is called what
pes planus
painful thickening of the skin from abnormal pressure on the toes is called what
corns
what are hammertoes
hyperextension of MTP join and flexion of IP joint
McMurrays tests for what
medial and lateral menisci
