Lower body Flashcards
Rectus Femoris OINKA
O: AIIS
I: Tibial tuberosity via the patella and the patellar ligament
Flexion of the thigh @ hip joint;
Extension of the leg @ knee joint;
RMA: Extends the thigh @ knee joint; Anteriorly tilts the pelvis @ hip joint
The Femoral Nerve (L2,L3,L4)
Vastus Lateralis
O: Linea aspera of the femur (lateral lip) & intertrochanteric line and gluteal tuberosity
I: Tibial tuberosity via the patella and the patellar ligament
Extension of the leg @ knee joint; RMA: Extends the thigh @ knee joint
The Femoral Nerve (L2,L3,L4)
Vastus Medialis
O: Medial lip of the linea aspera & intertrochanteric line and medial supracondylar line of the femur
I: Tibial tuberosity via the patella and the patellar ligament
A: Extension of the leg @ knee joint; RMA: Extends the thigh @ knee joint
N: The Femoral Nerve (L2,L3,L4)
Vastus Intermedius
O: Anterior shaft and Linea aspera of the femur
I: Tibial tuberosity via the patella and the patellar ligament
A: Extension of the leg @ knee joint; RMA: Extends the thigh @ knee joint
N: The Femoral Nerve (L2,L3,L4)
Biceps Femoris
O: Long head: Ischial tuberosity Short head: Linea Aspera of the femur I: Head of the fibular Flexion of the leg @ knee joint Extension of the thigh @ hip joint The Sciatic Nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Semitendinosus
O: Ischial Tuberosity I: Pes Anserine tendon (prox anteromedial tibia) Flexion of the leg @ knee joint Extension of the thigh @ hip joint Sciatic nerve (Tibial nerve L5, S1, S2)
Semimembranosus
O: Ischial tuberosity I: Posterior surface of medial condyle of the tibia Flexes the leg @ knee joint Extends the thigh @ hip joint Sciatic Nerve
Popliteus
O: Distal posterolateral femur I: Proximal posteromedial Tibia A:Medial rotation of the leg @ knee joint Flexion of the leg @ knee joint N: Tibial Nerve
Tibialis Anterior
O: Prox ⅔ of Anterior tibia & interosseous membrane and lateral tibial condyle
I: Medial foot - 1st cuneiform and 1st Metatarsal
Dorsiflexion of the foot @ Talocrural (ankle) j; Inversion (supination) of foot @ subtalar joint
Deep Fibular nerve
How to palpate: Tibialis Anterior
Client: seated or supine.
Action: dorsiflexion and inversion
Therapist: look for and then palpate the distal tendon of the TA as it crosses the ankle anteromedially.
Continue proximally on lateral side of the tibia
Make sure client is not extending toe as this will contract the ED and HL
Fibularis Tertius
O: Distal ⅓ of Ant fibula and Interosseous membrane
I: Dorsal surface of base of 5th MT
Dorsiflexion of foot at the Talocrural joint; Eversion (Pronation) of foot at subtalar joint
Deep Fibular nerve
Fibularis Longus
O: Head of the fibula & prox ½ of lateral Fibula
Medial plantar surface of the foot - 1st cuneiform and 1st MT
Eversion of the foot at the subtalar joint
Plantarflexion of the foot at the ankle joint
Superficial Fibular Nerve
MMT 1. Eversion and plantarflexion
2. Half way through the motion add resistance towards dorsiflexion & inversion (hand on plantar surface of foot)
3. Add resistance for the full motion
Fibularis brevis
O: Distal ½ lateral fibula
I: Base of 5th MT
Eversion (pronation) of the foot @ subtalar J; Plantarflexion of foot @ Talocrural Joint
Superficial Fibular Nerve
Gastrocnemius
O: Medial and lateral femoral condyles I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Plantar flexion of the foot @ ankle joint Flexion of the leg @ knee joint Tibial Nerve
Soleus
O; posterior Tibia and fibula
I: Calcaneus via the Calcaneal tendon
Plantar flexion of the foot @ ankle joint
The Tibial nerve
Plantaris
O: Distal posterolateral Femur I: Calcaneus Plantarflexion of the foot @ ankle joint Weak Flexion of the leg @ knee joint The Tibial nerve
Tibialis Posterior
O: Posterior tibia and fibula
I: Navicular tuberosity, MT 2-4 and all the tarsal bones except the talus
Plantar flexion of the foot @ ankle
Inversion of the foot at the subtalar joint
Tibial nerve
Extensor Digitorum Longus
O: Proximal 2/3 of anterior fibula, interosseous membrane and lateral Tibial condyle
I: Dorsal surface of toes 2-5 at the middle and distal phalanges via the DDE
Extension of toes 2-5 @ MTP and IP joints
Dorsiflexion of the foot @ ankle joint Eversion/pronation of foot of @ subtalar joint
The Deep Fibular Nerve L5, S1
Extensor Hallucis Longus
O: Middle 1/3 Anterior Fibula & interosseous membrane
I: Dorsal surface of the big toe
A: Extension of toe one @ MTP & IP joints; Dorsiflexion of the foot @ ankle joint, inversion (supination) of foot @ subtalar joint
N: The Deep Fibular Nerve L5, S1
Flexor Digitorum Longus
O: Middle 1/3 Posterior tibia
I: Plantar surface of toes 2-5 @ distal phalanges
A: Flexion of Toes 2-5 @ MTP & IP joints; Plantarflexion of the foot @ ankle joint; Inversion(supination) of the foot @ subtalar joint
N:The Tibial Nerve L5, S1, S2
Flexor Hallucis Longus
O: Distal 2/3 of post fibula and IM
I: Plantar surface of Toe one @ distal phalanx
A: Flexion of big toe @ MTP & IP joints; Plantarflexion of the foot @ ankle joint; Inversion (supination) of the foot @ subtalar joint
N: The Tibial Nerve L5, S1, S2
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
O: dorsal surface of calcaneus
I: lateral side of the distal tendons of EDL of toes 2-4 (via DDE into middle and distal phalanges)
A: extends toes 2-4 at the MTP, PIP and DIP joints
N: deep fibular nerve (L5,S1)
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Origin: dorsal surface of calcaneus
Insertion: base of the proximal phalanx of the dorsal surface of the big toe
Action(s): extends big toe at MTP joint
Nerve: deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
Abductor Hallucis
Origin: tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum and plantar fascia
Insertion: medial plantar side of the base of the proximal phalanx
Action(s): ABDucts big toe at MTP joint
Nerve: medial plantar nerve
Abductor Digiti Minimi Pedis
Origin: tuberosity of the calcaneus and the plantar fascia
Insertion: lateral plantar side of the base of the proximal phalanx
Action(s): ABDucts little toe at MTP joint
Nerve: lateral plantar nerve
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Origin: tuberosity of the calcaneus and the plantar fascia
Insertion: medial and lateral sides of the middle phalanges of toes 2-5
Action(s): flexes toes 2-5 at the MTP and PIP joints
Nerve: medial plantar nerve
Quadratus Plantae
Origin: medial and lateral sides of the calcaneus
Insertion: (lateral margin) distal tendon of the FDL mm
Action(s): flexes toes 2-5 at the MTP, PIP and DIP joints
Nerve: lateral plantar nerve
Lumbricals Pedis Origin/Insertion
Origin: distal tendons of FDL mm #1 – medial border of the tendon to toe 2 #2 – adjacent side of the tendons to toes 2-3 #3 – adjacent sides of the tendons to toes 3-4 #4 – adjacent sides of the tendons to toes 4-5 Insertion: medial sides of the EDL tendons merging into the DDE of toes 2-5
Lumbricals Pedis Action/Nerve
Action(s):
FLEXES toes 2-5 at MTP joints
EXTENDs toes 2-5 at PIP and DIP
Nerve: medial (#1) AND lateral (#2-4) plantar nerve
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Origin: cuboid and 3rd cuneiform
Insertion: medial and lateral sides of the plantar surface of the base of proximal phalanx
Action(s): flexes the big toe at the MTP joint
Nerve: medial plantar nerve
Flexor Digiti Minimi Pedis
Origin: plantar surface of the base of the fifth metatarsal and the distal tendon of the fibularis longus
Insertion: plantar surface of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
Action(s): flexes the little toe at the MTP joint
Nerve: lateral plantar nerve
Adductor Hallucis
Origin:
OBLIQUE HEAD: from the base of metatarsals 2-4 and the distal tendon of the fibularis longus
TRANSVERSE HEAD: arises from the plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments
Insertion: lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe
Action(s): adducts the MT of the big toe at the MTP joint
Nerve: lateral plantar nerve
Plantar Interossei O/I
Origin: medial side (second-toe side) of MT 3-5: #1- attaches onto metatarsal 3 #2- attaches onto metatarsal 4 #3- attaches onto metatarsal 5
Insertion: 2nd toe side of base of the proximal phalanges of toes 3-5 and DDE #1- attaches to toe 3 #2- attaches to toe 4 #3- attaches to toe 5
Plantar Interossei A/N
Action(s): adducts toes 3-5 at the MTP joint
Nerve: lateral plantar nerve
Dorsal Interossei Pedis
Origin: Each one arises from the adjacent sides of 2 MTs: #1 - attaches onto metatarsals 1 and 2 #2 - attaches onto metatarsals 2 and 3 #3 - attaches onto metatarsals 3 and 4 #4- attaches onto metatarsals 4 and 5
Insertion: The bases of the proximal phalanges on sides AWAY from the CENTER of the 2nd toe and the DDE #1 – attaches to medial side of toe 2 #2 – attaches to the lateral side of toe 2 #3 – attaches to the lateral side of toe 3 #4 – attaches to the lateral side of toe 4
Action(s): abducts toes 2-4 at the the MTP joints
Nerve: lateral plantar nerve
Psoas Major
O: Anterolateral lumbar spine
On bodies of T12-L5 and intervertebral discs. Anteriorly on TP’s of L1-L5
I: Lesser trochanter of the femur
A: Flexion of the thigh @ hip joint
Posterior tilt of the pelvis @ LS joint
Laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint
N: Lumbar Plexus (L1,L2,L3)
Iliacus
O: Internal Ilium - upper 2/3 of iliac fossa AIIS and sacral ala
I: Lesser trochanter of the femur
Flexes the thigh at the hip joint
Laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint
RMA: Anteriorly tilts the pelvis @ hip joint
The Femoral Nerve (L2,L3)
Tensor Fasciae Latae
O: ASIS and Ant iliac crest I: Iliotibial band - ⅓ of the way down the thigh Flexion of the thigh @ hip joint Abduction of the thigh @hip joint Medial rotation of the thigh @ hip joint
RMA: Anteriorly tilts the pelvis
Depresses the same side pelvis @ hip joint
The superior Gluteal Nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Sartorius
O: ASIS
I: Pes Anserine tendon (Prox Anteromedial tibia)
Flexion of the thigh @ hip joint
Abduction of the thigh @ hip joint
Lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip joint
Flexion of the leg @ knee joint
The Femoral Nerve (L2, L3)
Pectineus
O: Pubis - pectineal line on the superior pubic ramus I: Proximal posterior shaft of the femur Flexion of the thigh @ hip joint ADDuction of the thigh @ hip joint Anteriorly tilts the pelvis @ hip joint The Femoral Nerve (L2,L3)
Adductor Longus
O: Pubis I: middle 1/3 medial lip Linea Aspera of the femur Adduction of the thigh at the hip joint Flexion of the thigh at the hip joint Anterior tilt of the pelvis @ hip joint The Obturator Nerve (L2,L3,L4)
Gracilis
O: Pubis I: Pes Anserine tendon Adduction of the thigh @ hip joint Flexion of the thigh @ hip joint Flexion of the leg at the knee joint RMA: Anterior tilt of the pelvis @ hip joint The Obturator Nerve (L2,L3)
Adductor Brevis
O: inferior Pubic Ramus I: prox 1/3 Linea Aspera of the femur Adduction of the thigh @ hip joint Flexion of the thigh @ hip joint The Obturator Nerve (L2,L3)
Adductor Magnus
O:Ant head: Inf pubic ramus and ramus of ischium
Post head: Ischial tuberosity
I: Ant head: Linea Aspera, Gluteal tuberosity, and medial supracondylar line of the femur
Post head: Adductor tubercle of the femur
Adduction of the thigh @ hip joint
Extension of the thigh @ hip joint
RMA: Posterior tilt of the pelvis @ hip joint
Obturator nerve and Sciatic nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Gluteus Max
O:Posterior iliac crest, posterolateral sacrum, and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament.
I: IT band and gluteal tuberosity of the femur
Extension of the thigh @ hip joint
Laterally Rotates the thigh @ hip joint
Abduction of the thigh at the hip joint (upper ⅓)
Adduction of the thigh @ hip joint (lower ⅔)
RMA: Posterior tilt of the pelvis @ hip joint
Contralateral rotation of the pelvis @hip joint
Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5,S1,S2)
Gluteus medius
O: External Ilium - inf to the iliac crest and btwn Ant and Post gluteal lines
I: Greater Trochanter of the femur
Adduction of the thigh @ hip joint (entire mm)
Extension of the thigh @ hip joint (post)
Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint (post)
Flexion of the thigh @ hip joint (Ant)
Medial rotation of the thigh @ hip joint (ant)
superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)
Gluteus minimus
O: External Ilium - inf to iliac crest and btw Ant and Post gluteal lines
I: Greater trochanter of the femur
Adduction of the thigh @ hip joint (entire mm)
Extension of the thigh @ hip joint (post)
Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint (post)
Flexion of the thigh @ hip joint (Ant)
Medial rotation of the thigh @ hip joint (ant)
superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)
Piriformis
O: Anterior sacrum, ant surface of sacrotuberous ligament
I: Greater Trochanter of the femur
Lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip joint
Horizontal extension (hori abd) the thigh @ hip j
Medially rotates the thigh @ hip j
RMA: Contralateral rotation of the pelvis @ hip J
Nerve to piriformis L5, S1, S2
Superior Gemellus
O: Ischial spine
I: Greater Trochanter of the femur
Lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip joint RMA: Contralateral rotation of the pelvis @ hip joint
Nerve to Obturator Internus L5, S1
Obturator internus
O: Internal surface of the pelvic bone surrounding the Obturator Foramen
I: Greater trochanter of the femur
Lateral flexion of the thigh @ hip joint; RMA: Contralateral rotation of the pelvis @ hip joint
Nerve to Obturator Internus L5, S1
Inferior Gemellus
O: Ischial Tuberosity
I: Greater Trochanter of the femur
Lateral flexion of the thigh @ hip joint; RMA: Contralateral rotation of the pelvis @ hip joint
Nerve to Quadratus Femoris (L5,S1)
Obturator Externus
O: External surface of the pelvic bone surrounding the obturator foramen I: Trochanteric fossa of the femur Lateral flexion of the thigh @ hip joint; RMA: Contralateral rotation of the pelvis @ hip joint Obturator Nerve (L3,L4)
Quadratus Femoris
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: intertrochanteric crest of the femur
Lateral flexion of the thigh @ hip joint; RMA: Contralateral rotation of the pelvis @ hip joint
Nerve to Quadratus Femoris (L5,S1)
Rectus Abdominis
O: Crest and symphysis of the pubis
I: Xiphoid process and cartilage of Ribs 5-7
Flexion of the trunk @ spinal joints
Lateral flexion of the trunk @ spinal joints
RMA: Posteriorly tilts the pelvis @ LS joint and flexes the lower trunk relative to the upper trunk
Intercostal nerves, Ventral rami of T5-T12
Internal abdominal oblique
O: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia
I: Ribs 10-12 and abdominal aponeurosis
Flexion of the trunk @ spinal joint
Lateral flexion of the trunk @ spinal joint
Ipsilateral rotation of the trunk @ spinal joint
Intercostal nerves - ventral rami of T7-L1
External Abdominal oblique
O: Anterior Iliac crest, pubic bone, abdominal aponeurosis
I: Ribs 5-12
Flexion of the trunk @ spinal joint
Lateral flexion of Trunk @ spinal joint
Contralateral rotation of the trunk @ spinal joint
Intercostal nerves Ventral Rami of T7-T12
Transversus abdominis
O: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and costal cartilages of ribs 7-12
I: Abdominal aponeurosis & Linea alba
A: compresses the abdominopelvic cavity
N: Intercostal nerves T7-L1
