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Anatomy 2 - exam 2 > Lower Abdomen Flashcards > Flashcards

Lower Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What is the entrance of the stomach from the esophagus?

A

Cardiac Orifice

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2
Q

What is the exit of the stomach to the duodenum?

A

Pyloric sphincter

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3
Q

What are the temporary folds within the body of the stomach?

A

Rugae

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4
Q

What part of the small intestine is fixed and relatively immobile?

A

Duodenum

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5
Q

What part of the small intestine is tethered, but very mobile?

A

Jejunum and ileum

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6
Q

What is the term for the permanent folds within the intestine?

A

Plicae circulares

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7
Q

Into what does the ileum empty?

A

The Cecum at the ileocecal junction

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8
Q

What is a finger-like pouch present on the ileum that is a remnant of the embryonic yolk stalk?

A

Meckel’s (Ileal) diverticulum

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9
Q

What is the cause of appendicitis?

A

Inflimmation of the VERMIFORM APPENDIX

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10
Q

Where is the vermiform appendix located?

A

Opens into cecum inferior to ileocecal orifice. Most commonly retrocecal.

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11
Q

What are the 5 segments of the large intestine?

A

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon.

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12
Q

What are the 2 flexures of the large intestine?

A

Right colic (hepatic) and Left colic (splenic) flexures.

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13
Q

Where does the large intestine empty?

A

Rectum

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14
Q

What are the 3 smooth muscle bands paralleling the length of the colon?

A

Teniae coli

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15
Q

What are the outpouchings produced by teniae coli?

A

Haustra coli

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16
Q

What are the fat tags found along the colon?

A

Epiploic appendages

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17
Q

What is the 2nd major branch of the abdominal aorta?

A

Superior mesenteric Artery

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18
Q

What supplies the colon up to the proximal 2/3 of transverse colon?

A

Superior mesenteric artery (via ileocolic, Right colic, and middle colic aa.)

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19
Q

What is the third major branch of the abdominal aorta?

A

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

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20
Q

What supplies the colon after the distal 1/3 of transverse colon?

A

Inferior Mesenteric Artery (Via left colic, 4 sigmoid, and superior rectal aa)

21
Q

Anastomoses between colic branches of SMA and IMA form a consistent vascular arc around the colon called the

A

Marginal a. of Drummond

22
Q

What gives off the Superior pancreaticoduodenal aa?

A

Gastroduodenal a.

23
Q

What gives off the inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa.?

A

Superior Mesenteric A.

24
Q

What supplies blood to the Kidneys?

A

Left and Right Renal aa.

25
Q

What are the lateral branches of the abdominal aorta below the renal aa.?

A

Gonadal Arteries

26
Q

What is the path of ovarian aa.?

A

Cross over ureters and iliac vessels and descend into the pelvis to supply ovaries.

27
Q

What is the path of testicular aa?

A

Cross over ureters and enter inguinal canal and descend into scrotum to supply testes

28
Q

What is the primary venous drainage for abdominal GI tract?

A

Portal System of veins

29
Q

What are the main tributaries for the portal system of veins?

A

Splenic v., Superior mesenteric vein, Inferior mesenteric v.

30
Q

Where does the portal system of veins take blood?

A

Through the liver for metabolic processing

31
Q

What drains the kidneys, adrenals, rueters, and gonads?

A

IVC (Caval system of veins)

32
Q

What are the main tributaries of the caval system of veins?

A

Renal vv. and gonadal vv.

33
Q

Where does the right gonadal vein drain?

A

Directly to IVC

34
Q

Where does the left gonadal vein drain?

A

Left renal v. then to IVC

35
Q

What are the 4 anastomoses between the portal and caval systems?

A

1) gastric vv. and esophageal vv.

36
Q

Which of the two venous systems has no valves?

A

Portal venous system has no valves. Can cause caval vv. to become dilated and varicose

37
Q

Dilated esophageal vv. produce?

A

Esophageal varices

38
Q

dilated epigastric vv. produce?

A

Caput medusae

39
Q

Dilated infr. and mid. rectal vv. produce?

A

Hemorrhoids

40
Q

Sympathetic fibers of the abdomen usually originate from what levels?

A

T5-L2 (Thoracolumbar division of ANS)

41
Q

Parasympathetic fibers originate from what spinal cord levels?

A

CN X and S2-S4 (Cranial sacral division of ANS)

42
Q

Pre-sympathetic fibers from CN X travel on?

A

Upper arterial branches (Celiac trunk, SMA, renal aa., and their branches)

43
Q

Pre-sympathetic fibers from S2-S4 travel on?

A

Lower arterial branches (IMA and its branches)

44
Q

What autonomic ganglia travels with the celiac branches?

A

celiac ganglion

45
Q

What autonomic ganglia travels with the superior mesenteric artery branches?

A

Superior mesenteric ganglion

46
Q

What autonomic ganglia travels with renal aa.?

A

Aorticorenal ganglia

47
Q

What autonomic ganglia travels with IMA branches?

A

Inferior mesenteric ganglion

48
Q

Which Autonomic ganglia receive thoracic splanchnic nn. and CN X branches?

A

Celiac, superior mesenteric, and aorticorenal ganglia (all but inferior mesenteric ganglion)

49
Q

Which autonomic ganglia receive lumbar splanchnic nn.?

A

S2-S4

Anatomy 2 - exam 2 (7 decks)

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