Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Name the Aponeurosis which travels down the midline of the abdomen.

Answer 1

Linea Alba

Question 2

Name the aponeurosis which frames the “6-pack”

Answer 2

Linea semilunaris

Question 3

Name the transverse aponeuroses which create the “6-pack”

Answer 3

Tendinous intersections

Question 4

In the lateral abdomen, name the muscles from superficial to deep.

Answer 4

External oblique m. internal oblique m. transversus abdominis m.

Question 5

What envelopes rectus abdominis and pyramidalis mm.?

Answer 5

The rectus sheath

Question 6

What determines the structure of the rectus sheath?

Answer 6

Position relative to arcuate line

Question 7

What is the composition of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line?

Answer 7

Anterior layer (aponeuroses of external oblique mm. and 1/2 of internal oblique mm.)

Question 8

What is the composition of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line?

Answer 8

Anterior layer formed by aponeuroses of external/internal oblique mm. and transversus abdominis mm.

Question 9

What vessels supply the abdominal wall?

Answer 9

Superficial circumflex iliac and superficial epigastric vessels

Question 10

Superficial circumflex iliac and superficial epigastric aa. are both branches of what?

Answer 10

Femoral artery

Question 11

Superficial circumflex iliac and superficial epigastric vv. drain to what?

Answer 11

Great saphenous v.

Question 12

What vessels supply the region of the inguinal ligament?

Answer 12

Superficial circumflex iliac vessels.

Question 13

What vessels supply the abdomen below umbilicus?

Answer 13

Superficial epigastric vessels

Question 14

What a/v supplies the lateral abdominal wall mm.?

Answer 14

Deep circumflex iliac vessels

Question 15

What runs between internal oblique and transversus abdominis mm.?

Answer 15

Deep circumflex iliac vessels

Question 16

What supplies the lower rectus abdominal mm?

Answer 16

Inferior epigastric vessels

Question 17

What enters the posterior rectus sheath at arcuate line?

Answer 17

Inferior epigastric vessels

Question 18

Superior epigastric vessels are branches of what?

Answer 18

Internal thoracic vessels

Question 19

Where do the superior epigastric vessels enter the posterior rectus sheath?

Answer 19

Just lateral to sternum

Question 20

What supplies the upper rectus abdominis mm.?

Answer 20

Superior epigastric vessels

Question 21

What vessels supply the upper abdominal mm. and diaphragm?

Answer 21

Musculophrenic vessels

Question 22

What innervates the area above umbilicus?

Answer 22

T7-T9

Question 23

What innervates the umbilical region?

Answer 23

T10

Question 24

What innervates the area below umbilicus?

Answer 24

T11, T12, L1

Question 25

Where do the nerves of the abdominal wall (T7-L1) run?

Answer 25

Between internal oblique and transversus abdominis mm.

Question 26

The inguinal ligament is the inferior border of what?

Answer 26

External oblique aponeurosis

Question 27

The inguinal ligament connects what?

Answer 27

Anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

Question 28

What is the inguinal canals relationship to the inguinal ligament?

Answer 28

Parallel and superior

Question 29

What does the male inguinal canal contain?

Answer 29

Spermatic cord and contents (vas deferens, testicular nn. and vessels) as well as ilioinguinal nerve (L1)

Question 30

What does the femal inguinal canal contain?

Answer 30

Round ligament of uterus and ilioinguinal n. (L1)

Question 31

Where is the superficial ring of the inguinal canal?

Answer 31

In external oblique aponeurosis just lateral to pubic tubercle

Question 32

Where is the deep ring of the inguinal canal?

Answer 32

In transversalis fascia just lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

Question 33

What is the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 33

External oblique aponeurosis

Question 34

What is the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 34

Transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon (i.e. fusion of internal oblique and transversusabdominis aponeurosis medially)

Question 35

What is the roof of the inguinal canal?

Answer 35

Internal oblique and transversus abdominis mm.

Question 36

What is the floor of the inguinal canal?

Answer 36

Inguinal ligament

Question 37

What three layers make of a hernial sac?

Answer 37

Peritoneum, extraperitoneal fat and transversalis fascia

Question 38

What is an indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 38

Hernia through entire inguinal canal

Question 39

What is the most common type of hernia?

Answer 39

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

Question 40

Where is an indirect inguinal hernia usually found?

Answer 40

Lateral to inferior epigastric vessels and entering the scrotum or labia majora.

Question 41

What is a direct inguinal hernia?

Answer 41

A hernia through the inguinal (Hesselbach's) triangle (i.e., inferior epigastric artery, rectus abdominis m. and inguinal ligament)

Question 42

Where does a direct inguinal hernia emerge?

Answer 42

Through conjoint tendon by or at the superficial ring.

Question 43

Where does a direct inguinal hernia occur?

Answer 43

Medial to inferior epigastric vessels

Question 44

Which type of hernia is usually associated with a weakened abdominal wall?

Answer 44

Direct inguinal hernia

Question 45

What is a femoral hernia?

Answer 45

Hernia through the femoral ring and femoral canal. (i.e., medial compartment of femoral sheath)