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Anat unit 2 > Lower Abdomen (3) > Flashcards

Lower Abdomen (3) Flashcards

1
Q

entrance to stomach from esophagus

A

cardiac orifice

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2
Q

exit from stomach to duodenum

A

pyloric sphincter

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3
Q

temporary folds lining body of stomach

A

rugae

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4
Q

this portion of small intestine is fixed and immobile

A

duodenum

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5
Q

permanent intestinal folds

A

plicae circularis

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6
Q

where does ileum empty into cecum?

A

ileocecal junction

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7
Q

T/F? Plicae circularis are seen more in proximal intestine

A

false; distal

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8
Q

jejunum is characterized by ______ vasa recta and _______ arcades

A

long vasa recta

short arcades

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9
Q

ileum is characterized by ________ vasa recta and ______ arcades

A

short vasa recta

long, complex arcades

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10
Q

this structure is a remnant of embryonic yolk stalk

A

Meckel’s (ileal) diverticulum

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11
Q

when this structure is inflamed it can mimic appendicitis

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

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12
Q

what are the 5 segments of large intestine?

A

cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

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13
Q

where does large intestine terminate?

A

rectum

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14
Q

triangular mesentary on appendex

A

mesoappendix

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15
Q

appendix opens into what structure?

A

cecum inferior to ileocecal orifice

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16
Q

T/F? appendix is usually retrocecal

A

true

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17
Q

appendicitis is characterized by referred pain to:

A

afferent referred pain to T10 periumbilical

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18
Q

where is appendicitis pain most severe?

A

over spinoumbilical point between ASIS and umbilicus

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19
Q

3 smooth muscle bands paralleling length of colon

A

teniae coli

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20
Q

large outpouchings produced by teniae coli

A

haustra coli

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21
Q

fat tags found along colon

A

epiploic “omental” appendages

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22
Q

first major branch off abdominal aorta

A

celiac trunk

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23
Q

what structures does celiac trunk supply?

A

liver, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, pancreas

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24
Q

3 main branches off celiac trunk

A

common hepatic artery
left gastric artery
splenic aa.

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25
what vertebral body level is celiac trunk found?
T12
26
SMA supplies up to what point?
up to proximal 2/3 transverse colon
27
_______ gives off 15-18 intestinal aa. to small intestine
SMA
28
where is IMA located in reference to aortic bifurcation?
5cm superior
29
what does IMA supply?
everything after distal 1/3 transverse colon
30
where vertebral body level is IMA found?
L3-L4
31
vascular arc around colon formed by anastomoses btw colic branches
marginal artery of Drummond
32
gastroduodenal a. gives off:
superior pancreaticoduodenal a.
33
inferior pancreaticoduodenal is a branch off of:
SMA
34
superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa. anastomose to supply what?
head of pancreas and duodenum
35
what artery supplies remainder of pancreas?
splenic artery
36
where does renal a. branch off abdominal aorta?
lateral to SMA
37
where do renal aa. enter kidneys to supply ?
hilum
38
gonadal arteries branch off of what and where?
abdominal aorta inferior to renal aa.
39
ovarian aa. path
crosses over iliac vessels & ureters to descend into pelvis to supply ovaries
40
testicular aa. path
crosses over ureters and enters inguinal canal to descend into scrotum to supply testes
41
what level does IVC begin?
L5 at union of common iliac vv.
42
IVC returns poorly oxygenated blood from what structures?
lower limb most of back abdominal wall abdominopelvic viscera
43
portal vein is formed by the union of what two structures
splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein
44
splenic v. and superior mesenteric v. unite to form:
portal vein
45
portal vein carries venous return from what structures?
spleen pancreas gallbladder GI tract
46
this structure returns nutrient rich, poorly oxygenated blood to liver
portal vein
47
portal vein is found within what structure?
portal triad
48
what are the 4 portal-caval anastomoses?
gastric-esophageal paraumbilical-epigastric superior rectal-middle/inferior rectal colic-retroperitoneal
49
T/F? Portal venous system is valvular
false; no valves
50
is it possible to reverse blood flow into caval veins?
yes (no valves)
51
what causes varicose veins in portal-caval system?
portal htn restricts bloodflow causing caval vv. to become engorged
52
hemorrhoids are produced by:
dilated inferior and middle rectal vv.
53
dilated esophageal vv. produce:
esophageal varices
54
dilated epigastric vv. produce:
caput medusae
55
innervation to abdominal viscera is via:
autonomic nerve plexuses
56
parasympathetic fibers originate from:
CN X and S2-S4 | craniosacral
57
Sympathetic fibers arise from
T5-T12-L2(3) | thoracolumbar
58
preganglionic splanchnic nn. synapse where
collateral ganglia or paraaortic ganglia
59
where do postganglionic fibers end up?
leave ganglia to reach effector organs
60
preganglionic nerves from CN X travel on what?
upper arterial branches - celiac trunk, SMA, renal aa
61
preganglionic nerves from S2-S4 travel on what?
lower arterial branches - IMA and brs.
62
where do parasympathetic synapses occur?
within effector organs
63
What are the 4 major autonomic ganglia?
``` celiac ganglion superior mesenteric ganglion aorticorenal ganglion inferior mesenteric ganglion *plexuses travel with similarly named brs. ```
64
which ganglia receive thoracic splanchnic nn. and CNX brs
celiac ganglion superior mesenteric ganglion aorticorenal ganglion
65
which ganglia receive lumbar splanchnic nn. and S2-S4 brs.
inferior mesenteric ganglion

Anat unit 2 (9 decks)

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