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anat unit 2 > Lower Abdomen (3) > Flashcards

Lower Abdomen (3) Flashcards

1
Q

entrance to stomach from esophagus

A

cardiac orifice

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2
Q

exit from stomach to duodenum

A

pyloric sphincter

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3
Q

temporary folds lining body of stomach

A

rugae

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4
Q

this portion of small intestine is fixed and immobile

A

duodenum

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5
Q

permanent intestinal folds

A

plicae circularis

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6
Q

where does ileum empty into cecum?

A

ileocecal junction

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7
Q

T/F? Plicae circularis are seen more in proximal intestine

A

false; distal

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8
Q

jejunum is characterized by ______ vasa recta and _______ arcades

A

long vasa recta

short arcades

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9
Q

ileum is characterized by ________ vasa recta and ______ arcades

A

short vasa recta

long, complex arcades

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10
Q

this structure is a remnant of embryonic yolk stalk

A

Meckel’s (ileal) diverticulum

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11
Q

when this structure is inflamed it can mimic appendicitis

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

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12
Q

what are the 5 segments of large intestine?

A

cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

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13
Q

where does large intestine terminate?

A

rectum

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14
Q

triangular mesentary on appendex

A

mesoappendix

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15
Q

appendix opens into what structure?

A

cecum inferior to ileocecal orifice

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16
Q

T/F? appendix is usually retrocecal

A

true

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17
Q

appendicitis is characterized by referred pain to:

A

afferent referred pain to T10 periumbilical

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18
Q

where is appendicitis pain most severe?

A

over spinoumbilical point between ASIS and umbilicus

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19
Q

3 smooth muscle bands paralleling length of colon

A

teniae coli

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20
Q

large outpouchings produced by teniae coli

A

haustra coli

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21
Q

fat tags found along colon

A

epiploic “omental” appendages

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22
Q

first major branch off abdominal aorta

A

celiac trunk

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23
Q

what structures does celiac trunk supply?

A

liver, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, pancreas

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24
Q

3 main branches off celiac trunk

A

common hepatic artery
left gastric artery
splenic aa.

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25
Q

what vertebral body level is celiac trunk found?

A

T12

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26
Q

SMA supplies up to what point?

A

up to proximal 2/3 transverse colon

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27
Q

_______ gives off 15-18 intestinal aa. to small intestine

A

SMA

28
Q

where is IMA located in reference to aortic bifurcation?

A

5cm superior

29
Q

what does IMA supply?

A

everything after distal 1/3 transverse colon

30
Q

where vertebral body level is IMA found?

A

L3-L4

31
Q

vascular arc around colon formed by anastomoses btw colic branches

A

marginal artery of Drummond

32
Q

gastroduodenal a. gives off:

A

superior pancreaticoduodenal a.

33
Q

inferior pancreaticoduodenal is a branch off of:

A

SMA

34
Q

superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa. anastomose to supply what?

A

head of pancreas and duodenum

35
Q

what artery supplies remainder of pancreas?

A

splenic artery

36
Q

where does renal a. branch off abdominal aorta?

A

lateral to SMA

37
Q

where do renal aa. enter kidneys to supply ?

A

hilum

38
Q

gonadal arteries branch off of what and where?

A

abdominal aorta inferior to renal aa.

39
Q

ovarian aa. path

A

crosses over iliac vessels & ureters to descend into pelvis to supply ovaries

40
Q

testicular aa. path

A

crosses over ureters and enters inguinal canal to descend into scrotum to supply testes

41
Q

what level does IVC begin?

A

L5 at union of common iliac vv.

42
Q

IVC returns poorly oxygenated blood from what structures?

A

lower limb
most of back
abdominal wall
abdominopelvic viscera

43
Q

portal vein is formed by the union of what two structures

A

splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

44
Q

splenic v. and superior mesenteric v. unite to form:

A

portal vein

45
Q

portal vein carries venous return from what structures?

A

spleen
pancreas
gallbladder
GI tract

46
Q

this structure returns nutrient rich, poorly oxygenated blood to liver

A

portal vein

47
Q

portal vein is found within what structure?

A

portal triad

48
Q

what are the 4 portal-caval anastomoses?

A

gastric-esophageal
paraumbilical-epigastric
superior rectal-middle/inferior rectal
colic-retroperitoneal

49
Q

T/F? Portal venous system is valvular

A

false; no valves

50
Q

is it possible to reverse blood flow into caval veins?

A

yes (no valves)

51
Q

what causes varicose veins in portal-caval system?

A

portal htn restricts bloodflow causing caval vv. to become engorged

52
Q

hemorrhoids are produced by:

A

dilated inferior and middle rectal vv.

53
Q

dilated esophageal vv. produce:

A

esophageal varices

54
Q

dilated epigastric vv. produce:

A

caput medusae

55
Q

innervation to abdominal viscera is via:

A

autonomic nerve plexuses

56
Q

parasympathetic fibers originate from:

A

CN X and S2-S4

craniosacral

57
Q

Sympathetic fibers arise from

A

T5-T12-L2(3)

thoracolumbar

58
Q

preganglionic splanchnic nn. synapse where

A

collateral ganglia or paraaortic ganglia

59
Q

where do postganglionic fibers end up?

A

leave ganglia to reach effector organs

60
Q

preganglionic nerves from CN X travel on what?

A

upper arterial branches - celiac trunk, SMA, renal aa

61
Q

preganglionic nerves from S2-S4 travel on what?

A

lower arterial branches - IMA and brs.

62
Q

where do parasympathetic synapses occur?

A

within effector organs

63
Q

What are the 4 major autonomic ganglia?

A 
celiac ganglion
superior mesenteric ganglion
aorticorenal ganglion
inferior mesenteric ganglion
*plexuses travel with similarly named brs.
64
Q

which ganglia receive thoracic splanchnic nn. and CNX brs

A

celiac ganglion
superior mesenteric ganglion
aorticorenal ganglion

65
Q

which ganglia receive lumbar splanchnic nn. and S2-S4 brs.

A

inferior mesenteric ganglion

anat unit 2 (9 decks)

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