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Gross Anatomy Semester 2 Exam 2 > Lower Abdomen > Flashcards

Lower Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What is the entrance into the stomach from the esophagus called?

A

Cardiac Orifice

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2
Q

What is the Stomachs exit to the duodenum called?

A

Pyloric sphincter

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3
Q

What are Rugae?

A

Temporary folds within the stomach that help to churn the food for digestion

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4
Q

Is the Duodenum fixed or mobile?

A

Fixed

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5
Q

What is the combined length of the Jejunum and ileum?

A

20 feet

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6
Q

Are the Jejunum and ileum fixed or mobile

A

Tethered by the mesentary proper but highly mobile

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7
Q

What are Plicae Circularis?

A

Permanent fold within the small intestine that become ever more dissapearing as you go distally in the tract.

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8
Q

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

A

1) Superior or ampulla
2) Descending
3) Inferior or horizontal
4) Ascending

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9
Q

What are two key note characteristics of the Jejunum?

A

Abundant Plicae Circularis

Longer Sharper arteriole arcades (arcs)

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10
Q

What are two key note characteristics of the Ileum?

A

Very few plicae circularis

Broader flatter arcades (arcs)

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11
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

It is a remnant of the embryonic yolk stalk that is located 1 m proximal to the ileocecal valve, if inflamed and mimic appendicitis

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12
Q

Where is the Veriform Appendix?

A

Cecum inferior to the ileocecal

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13
Q

What is the mesentarythat attaches the appendix to the posterior wall

A

Mesoappendix

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14
Q

What are the three stages of pain associated with appendicitis.

A

1) Vague pain begins in the periumbilical region from the afferent pain referred to T10 level
2) Severe pain in the Right lower quadrant from the irritation of the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall
3) Most severe pain over the Spinoumbilical point between the ASIS and Umbilicus (McBerney’s point)

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15
Q

What are the Segments and flexures of the intestines.

A

The 5 segments are the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon
The two flexures are the Right colic (hepatic) flexure and the Left colic (splenic) flexure.

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16
Q

What are the three parallel muscle bands that run along the Colon called?

A

Teniae coli (Libera, omentalis, and mesocolica)

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17
Q

What are the Colon out pouchings caused by the Teniae Coli?

A

Houstra Coli

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18
Q

What is the name of the fat tags along the colon?

A

Epiploic appendages

19
Q

What is the Second major unpaired branch of the Abdominal aorta?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

20
Q

What is the cutoff for the supply from the Superior Mesenteric Artery?

A

The Proximal tract up to 2/3 of the Transverse colon.

21
Q

What are the three branches of the Superior Mesenteric Artery that we must know?

A

Ileocolic, R. Colic and middle colic

22
Q

What is the Third Major unpaired branch off of the abdominal aorta?

A

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

23
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply and via which arteries?

A

The rest of the colon from the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon via the Left colic artery the sigmoid arteries and the superior rectal

24
Q

Where is there collateral circulation between the SMA and IMA?

A

Between the R and L colic arteries (marginal a. of Drummond)

25
Q

What are the components off the pancreatic arterial anastomosis?

A

Three components:
Superior pancreaticoduodenal from the Gastroduodenal
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal from the Superior Mesenteric Artery
Splenic Artery that supplies the rest of the pancreas

26
Q

At what level do the Renal Arteries exit the abdominal aorta?

A

At the level of the SMA

27
Q

What structures do the renal arteries supply?

A

adrenal glands, kidney and the ureters

28
Q

What are the lateral branches off the abdominal aorta just inferior to the renal arteries?

A

Gonadal arteries

29
Q

What is the path of the ovarian arteries?

A

Crosses over the ureters and the iliac vessels, descends to pelvis to supply ovaries.

30
Q

What is the path of the testicular arteries?

A

Crosses over ureters and enters the inguinal canal then descends into the scrotum to supply the testes

31
Q

What is the largest vein in the body?

A

Inferior vena cava

32
Q

What areas of the body does the IVC drain?

A

Lower Limbs, most of the back, abdominal walls and abdominopelvic viscera (via the Hepatic Portal system) all to the Right Atrium of the heart

33
Q

What are the 4 Portal Caval Anastomoses and their components (Portal and Caval)

A

1) Gastric and Esophageal
2) Paraumbilical and Epigastric
3) Superior Rectal and Middle/Inferior rectal
4) Colic and retroperitoneal

34
Q

What causes the varicose veins in the caval system?

A

There are no valves in the portal system so if there is a blockage and the blood backflows into the caval system the veins become engorged and dilations and varicosities occur.

35
Q

What do Dilated esophageal v. produce?

A

Esophageal varices

36
Q

What do dilated epigastric v. produce?

A

caput medusae

37
Q

What do dilated Inf. and Mid. rectal cause

A

hemorrhoids

38
Q

Where do the Preganglionic splanchnic nerves of the sympathetics synapse? (general)

A

Collateral ganglia (prevertebral)

39
Q

What do the post ganglionic fibers travel along to reach their targets?

A

Along all main arterial branches.

40
Q

What are the names of the Lower Thoracic Splanchnic nerves?

A

Greater (T5 Through 9) Lesser (T10 and T11) Least (T12)

41
Q

What are the 4 ganglions found for the Sympathetics?

A

Celiac Ganglion
Aorticorenal Ganglion
Superior Mesenteric Gang.
Inferior Mesenteric Gang.

42
Q

Which 3 Ganglions receive thoracic splanchnic nerves and CN X branches?

A

Celiac, Aorticorenal, and Superior mesenteric

43
Q

Which ganglion receives lumbar splanchnic nerves and fibers from S2 and S4

A

Inferior Mesenteric

44
Q

Where do the synapses occur for the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

At the Effector organs

Gross Anatomy Semester 2 Exam 2 (3 decks)

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